Abstract
Background: A recent review of epidemiologic literature found consistently reduced cancer and heart disease rates in persons with high compared with low whole-grain intakes. Objective: We hypothesized that whole- grain intake was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) death. Design: We studied 34492 postmenopausal women aged 55-69 y and free of IHD at baseline in 1986. There were 438 IHD deaths between baseline and 1995. Usual dietary intake was determined with use of a 127-item food- frequency questionnaire. Results: Whole-grain intake in median servings/d was 0.2, 0.9, 1.2, 1.9, and 3.2 for quintiles of intake. The unadjusted rate of IHD death was 2.0/1 x 103 person-years in quintile 1 and was 1.7, 1.2, 1.0, and 1.4 IHD deaths/1 x 103 person-years in succeeding quintiles (P for trend < 0.001). Adjusted for demographic, physiologic, behavioral, and dietary variables, relative hazards were 1.0, 0.96, 0.71, 0.64, and 0.70 in ascending quintiles (P for trend = 0.02). The lower risk with higher whole-grain intake was not explained by intake of fiber or several other constituents of whole grains. Conclusion: A clear inverse association between whole-grain intake and risk of IHD death existed. A causal association is plausible because whole-grain foods contain many phytochemicals, including fiber and antioxidants, that may reduce chronic disease risk. Whole-grain intake should be studied further for its potential to prevent IHD and cancer.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 248-257 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |
| Volume | 68 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| State | Published - Aug 1998 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Diet
- Epidemiology
- Heart disease
- Iowa Women's Health Study
- Prospective study
- Whole grains
- Women
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
- Food Science
Cite this
Whole-grain intake may reduce the risk of ischemic heart disease death in postmenopausal women : The Iowa women's health study. / Jacobs, David R.; Meyer, Katie A.; Kushi, Lawrence H.; Folsom, Aaron R.
In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 68, No. 2, 08.1998, p. 248-257.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Whole-grain intake may reduce the risk of ischemic heart disease death in postmenopausal women
T2 - The Iowa women's health study
AU - Jacobs, David R.
AU - Meyer, Katie A.
AU - Kushi, Lawrence H.
AU - Folsom, Aaron R.
PY - 1998/8
Y1 - 1998/8
N2 - Background: A recent review of epidemiologic literature found consistently reduced cancer and heart disease rates in persons with high compared with low whole-grain intakes. Objective: We hypothesized that whole- grain intake was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) death. Design: We studied 34492 postmenopausal women aged 55-69 y and free of IHD at baseline in 1986. There were 438 IHD deaths between baseline and 1995. Usual dietary intake was determined with use of a 127-item food- frequency questionnaire. Results: Whole-grain intake in median servings/d was 0.2, 0.9, 1.2, 1.9, and 3.2 for quintiles of intake. The unadjusted rate of IHD death was 2.0/1 x 103 person-years in quintile 1 and was 1.7, 1.2, 1.0, and 1.4 IHD deaths/1 x 103 person-years in succeeding quintiles (P for trend < 0.001). Adjusted for demographic, physiologic, behavioral, and dietary variables, relative hazards were 1.0, 0.96, 0.71, 0.64, and 0.70 in ascending quintiles (P for trend = 0.02). The lower risk with higher whole-grain intake was not explained by intake of fiber or several other constituents of whole grains. Conclusion: A clear inverse association between whole-grain intake and risk of IHD death existed. A causal association is plausible because whole-grain foods contain many phytochemicals, including fiber and antioxidants, that may reduce chronic disease risk. Whole-grain intake should be studied further for its potential to prevent IHD and cancer.
AB - Background: A recent review of epidemiologic literature found consistently reduced cancer and heart disease rates in persons with high compared with low whole-grain intakes. Objective: We hypothesized that whole- grain intake was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) death. Design: We studied 34492 postmenopausal women aged 55-69 y and free of IHD at baseline in 1986. There were 438 IHD deaths between baseline and 1995. Usual dietary intake was determined with use of a 127-item food- frequency questionnaire. Results: Whole-grain intake in median servings/d was 0.2, 0.9, 1.2, 1.9, and 3.2 for quintiles of intake. The unadjusted rate of IHD death was 2.0/1 x 103 person-years in quintile 1 and was 1.7, 1.2, 1.0, and 1.4 IHD deaths/1 x 103 person-years in succeeding quintiles (P for trend < 0.001). Adjusted for demographic, physiologic, behavioral, and dietary variables, relative hazards were 1.0, 0.96, 0.71, 0.64, and 0.70 in ascending quintiles (P for trend = 0.02). The lower risk with higher whole-grain intake was not explained by intake of fiber or several other constituents of whole grains. Conclusion: A clear inverse association between whole-grain intake and risk of IHD death existed. A causal association is plausible because whole-grain foods contain many phytochemicals, including fiber and antioxidants, that may reduce chronic disease risk. Whole-grain intake should be studied further for its potential to prevent IHD and cancer.
KW - Diet
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Heart disease
KW - Iowa Women's Health Study
KW - Prospective study
KW - Whole grains
KW - Women
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=2642676848&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=2642676848&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
VL - 68
SP - 248
EP - 257
JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
SN - 0002-9165
IS - 2
ER -