Abstract
The stratum corneum has been recognized as the main cutaneous oxidation target of atmospheric ozone (O3), a major part of photochemical smog. This study reports the presence and distribution of vitamin C, glutathione, and uric acid in murine stratum corneum, and evaluates their susceptibility to acute environmental exposure to O3. Based on tape stripping and a modified extraction method with high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical analysis, we detected vitamin C (208.0 ± 82.5 pmol per 10 consecutive pooled tapes), glutathione (283.7 ± 96.3), and uric acid (286.4 ± 47.1) in murine stratum corneum as compared with only 16.5 ± 1.4 pmol α-tocopherol. Vitamin C, glutathione (both p < 00.001), and urate (p < 0.01) were found to exhibit a gradient with the lowest concentrations in the outer layers and a steep increase in the deeper layers. To investigate the effect of O3 exposure on hydrophilic antioxidants, we exposed SKH-1 hairless mice to O3 concentrations of 0, 0.8, 1, and 10 p.p.m., and stratum corneum was analyzed before and after exposure. Whereas mock exposure with 0 p.p.m, for 2 h had no significant effect, O3 doses of 1 p.p.m. for 2 h and above showed depletion of all three antioxidants. Vitamin C was decreased to 80% ± 15% of its pretreatment content (p<0.05), GSH to 41% ± 24% (p < 0.01), and uric acid to 44% ± 28% (p < 0.01). This report demonstrates the previously unrecognized role of hydrophilic antioxidants in the stratum corneum and provides further evidence that O3 induces oxidative stress in this outer skin layer.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1128-1132 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Journal of Investigative Dermatology |
| Volume | 113 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1999 |
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Keywords
- Antioxidant
- Oxidative stress
- Skin
- Skin barrier
- Vitamin E
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Dermatology
Cite this
Vitamin C, uric acid, and glutathione gradients in murine stratum corneum and their susceptibility to ozone exposure. / Weber, Stefan Udo; Thiele, Jens J.; Cross, Carroll E; Packer, Lester.
In: Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Vol. 113, No. 6, 1999, p. 1128-1132.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Vitamin C, uric acid, and glutathione gradients in murine stratum corneum and their susceptibility to ozone exposure
AU - Weber, Stefan Udo
AU - Thiele, Jens J.
AU - Cross, Carroll E
AU - Packer, Lester
PY - 1999
Y1 - 1999
N2 - The stratum corneum has been recognized as the main cutaneous oxidation target of atmospheric ozone (O3), a major part of photochemical smog. This study reports the presence and distribution of vitamin C, glutathione, and uric acid in murine stratum corneum, and evaluates their susceptibility to acute environmental exposure to O3. Based on tape stripping and a modified extraction method with high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical analysis, we detected vitamin C (208.0 ± 82.5 pmol per 10 consecutive pooled tapes), glutathione (283.7 ± 96.3), and uric acid (286.4 ± 47.1) in murine stratum corneum as compared with only 16.5 ± 1.4 pmol α-tocopherol. Vitamin C, glutathione (both p < 00.001), and urate (p < 0.01) were found to exhibit a gradient with the lowest concentrations in the outer layers and a steep increase in the deeper layers. To investigate the effect of O3 exposure on hydrophilic antioxidants, we exposed SKH-1 hairless mice to O3 concentrations of 0, 0.8, 1, and 10 p.p.m., and stratum corneum was analyzed before and after exposure. Whereas mock exposure with 0 p.p.m, for 2 h had no significant effect, O3 doses of 1 p.p.m. for 2 h and above showed depletion of all three antioxidants. Vitamin C was decreased to 80% ± 15% of its pretreatment content (p<0.05), GSH to 41% ± 24% (p < 0.01), and uric acid to 44% ± 28% (p < 0.01). This report demonstrates the previously unrecognized role of hydrophilic antioxidants in the stratum corneum and provides further evidence that O3 induces oxidative stress in this outer skin layer.
AB - The stratum corneum has been recognized as the main cutaneous oxidation target of atmospheric ozone (O3), a major part of photochemical smog. This study reports the presence and distribution of vitamin C, glutathione, and uric acid in murine stratum corneum, and evaluates their susceptibility to acute environmental exposure to O3. Based on tape stripping and a modified extraction method with high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical analysis, we detected vitamin C (208.0 ± 82.5 pmol per 10 consecutive pooled tapes), glutathione (283.7 ± 96.3), and uric acid (286.4 ± 47.1) in murine stratum corneum as compared with only 16.5 ± 1.4 pmol α-tocopherol. Vitamin C, glutathione (both p < 00.001), and urate (p < 0.01) were found to exhibit a gradient with the lowest concentrations in the outer layers and a steep increase in the deeper layers. To investigate the effect of O3 exposure on hydrophilic antioxidants, we exposed SKH-1 hairless mice to O3 concentrations of 0, 0.8, 1, and 10 p.p.m., and stratum corneum was analyzed before and after exposure. Whereas mock exposure with 0 p.p.m, for 2 h had no significant effect, O3 doses of 1 p.p.m. for 2 h and above showed depletion of all three antioxidants. Vitamin C was decreased to 80% ± 15% of its pretreatment content (p<0.05), GSH to 41% ± 24% (p < 0.01), and uric acid to 44% ± 28% (p < 0.01). This report demonstrates the previously unrecognized role of hydrophilic antioxidants in the stratum corneum and provides further evidence that O3 induces oxidative stress in this outer skin layer.
KW - Antioxidant
KW - Oxidative stress
KW - Skin
KW - Skin barrier
KW - Vitamin E
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0033372526&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0033372526&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00789.x
DO - 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00789.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 10594762
AN - SCOPUS:0033372526
VL - 113
SP - 1128
EP - 1132
JO - Journal of Investigative Dermatology
JF - Journal of Investigative Dermatology
SN - 0022-202X
IS - 6
ER -