Vitamin and mineral supplement use among children attending elementary schools in Korea: A survey of eating habits and dietary consequences

We surveyed the mothers of 2,904 Korean elementary schoolchildren (1st-6th grade) for their children's vitamin/mineral supplement use, and dietary consequences of this use. Thirty two percent of subjects provided their schoolchildren with vitamin/mineral supplements. Supplement use was higher in schoolchildren in lower grades, in higher socioeconomic groups, and in larger cities, than their counterparts. Multivitamin-mineral supplements were provided most frequently. Dietary habits were poorer in schoolchildren who did use supplements than in those who did not. Supplements were given 'to ensure that they are healthy and strong' and 'to ensure their optimal nutrition'. Intakes of vitamin A, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C, Fe, and Zn from diet and supplements often exceeded upper safe levels (ULs). Therefore, there may be a link between eating habits and vitamin/mineral supplement use among schoolchildren. Total intake of some nutrients was in excess of ULs. The health consequences of supplement use by this group merit additional study.