Abstract
Background: Heat-treated breast milk of HIV-positive mothers has potential to reduce vertical transmission. This study compared the impact of flash-heating (FH) and Pretoria pasteurization (PP) on HIV, nutrients, and antimicrobial properties in human milk. Methods: Milk samples were spiked with 1 × 108 copies/mL of clade C HIV-1 and treated with FH and PP. We measured HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity before and after heating (n = 5). Heat impact on vitamins A, B6, B12, and C; folate, riboflavin, thiamin, and antimicrobial proteins (lactoferrin and lysozyme) was assessed. Storage safety was evaluated by spiking with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. Results: Both methods inactivated ≥3 logs of HIV-1. FH resulted in undetectable RT activity. Neither method caused significant decrease in any vitamin, although reductions in vitamins C and E were noted. Heat decreased immunoreactive lactoferrin (P < 0.05) but not the proportions of lactoferrin and lysozyme surviving digestion. FH seems to retain more antibacterial activity. Both treatments eliminated spiked bacteria. Conclusions: FH may be superior to PP in eliminating all viral activity; both methods retained nutrients and destroyed bacterial contamination. Heat-treated breast milk merits further study as a safe and practical infant feeding option for HIV-positive mothers in developing countries.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 175-181 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 1 2005 |
Fingerprint
Keywords
- Breast milk
- Heat treatment
- HIV
- Mother-to-child transmission
- Pasteurization
- Perinatal transmission
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Virology
- Immunology
Cite this
Viral, nutritional, and bacterial safety of flash-heated and pretoria-pasteurized breast milk to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in resource-poor countries : A pilot study. / Israel-Ballard, Kiersten; Chantry, Caroline J; Dewey, Kathryn; Lönnerdal, Bo; Sheppard, Haynes; Donovan, Richard; Carlson, James; Sage, Allyson; Abrams, Barbara.
In: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Vol. 40, No. 2, 01.10.2005, p. 175-181.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Viral, nutritional, and bacterial safety of flash-heated and pretoria-pasteurized breast milk to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in resource-poor countries
T2 - A pilot study
AU - Israel-Ballard, Kiersten
AU - Chantry, Caroline J
AU - Dewey, Kathryn
AU - Lönnerdal, Bo
AU - Sheppard, Haynes
AU - Donovan, Richard
AU - Carlson, James
AU - Sage, Allyson
AU - Abrams, Barbara
PY - 2005/10/1
Y1 - 2005/10/1
N2 - Background: Heat-treated breast milk of HIV-positive mothers has potential to reduce vertical transmission. This study compared the impact of flash-heating (FH) and Pretoria pasteurization (PP) on HIV, nutrients, and antimicrobial properties in human milk. Methods: Milk samples were spiked with 1 × 108 copies/mL of clade C HIV-1 and treated with FH and PP. We measured HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity before and after heating (n = 5). Heat impact on vitamins A, B6, B12, and C; folate, riboflavin, thiamin, and antimicrobial proteins (lactoferrin and lysozyme) was assessed. Storage safety was evaluated by spiking with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. Results: Both methods inactivated ≥3 logs of HIV-1. FH resulted in undetectable RT activity. Neither method caused significant decrease in any vitamin, although reductions in vitamins C and E were noted. Heat decreased immunoreactive lactoferrin (P < 0.05) but not the proportions of lactoferrin and lysozyme surviving digestion. FH seems to retain more antibacterial activity. Both treatments eliminated spiked bacteria. Conclusions: FH may be superior to PP in eliminating all viral activity; both methods retained nutrients and destroyed bacterial contamination. Heat-treated breast milk merits further study as a safe and practical infant feeding option for HIV-positive mothers in developing countries.
AB - Background: Heat-treated breast milk of HIV-positive mothers has potential to reduce vertical transmission. This study compared the impact of flash-heating (FH) and Pretoria pasteurization (PP) on HIV, nutrients, and antimicrobial properties in human milk. Methods: Milk samples were spiked with 1 × 108 copies/mL of clade C HIV-1 and treated with FH and PP. We measured HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity before and after heating (n = 5). Heat impact on vitamins A, B6, B12, and C; folate, riboflavin, thiamin, and antimicrobial proteins (lactoferrin and lysozyme) was assessed. Storage safety was evaluated by spiking with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. Results: Both methods inactivated ≥3 logs of HIV-1. FH resulted in undetectable RT activity. Neither method caused significant decrease in any vitamin, although reductions in vitamins C and E were noted. Heat decreased immunoreactive lactoferrin (P < 0.05) but not the proportions of lactoferrin and lysozyme surviving digestion. FH seems to retain more antibacterial activity. Both treatments eliminated spiked bacteria. Conclusions: FH may be superior to PP in eliminating all viral activity; both methods retained nutrients and destroyed bacterial contamination. Heat-treated breast milk merits further study as a safe and practical infant feeding option for HIV-positive mothers in developing countries.
KW - Breast milk
KW - Heat treatment
KW - HIV
KW - Mother-to-child transmission
KW - Pasteurization
KW - Perinatal transmission
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=25844440808&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=25844440808&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/01.qai.0000178929.15904.95
DO - 10.1097/01.qai.0000178929.15904.95
M3 - Article
C2 - 16186735
AN - SCOPUS:25844440808
VL - 40
SP - 175
EP - 181
JO - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
SN - 1525-4135
IS - 2
ER -