Abstract
Nonimmobilizers (inhaled compounds that do not suppress movement in response to a noxious stimulus) resemble anesthetics in their capacity to suppress memory, but unlike anesthetics, they can cause convulsions. Higher concentrations of nonimmobilizers may cause death, even with apparent suppression of convulsions by the concurrent administration of conventional inhaled anesthetics. We hypothesized that nonimmobilizers can depress ventilation and can cause death by adding to the depression of ventilation produced by conventional anesthetics. To test these hypotheses, we administered 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (2N) to four pigs anesthetized with desflurane. The addition of 2N decreased PaCO2 and tended to increase the slope of the ventilatory response to imposed increases in PETCO2. Limited results from study of two other nonimmobilizers (2,3- dichlorooctafluorobutane and perfluoropentane), in two pigs each, were consistent with the findings for 2N. However, experimental limitations (e.g., toxicity of 2,3-dichlorooctafluorobutane, and hypoxia from perfluoropentane) confound interpretation of these latter results. Our findings do not support our hypotheses - 2N (and presumably all non-immobilizers) seems to be a respiratory stimulant, not a depressant. Implications: A new class of inhaled compounds, nonimmobilizers, allow tests of how inhaled anesthetics act. Nonimmobilizers may act like anesthetics (e.g., impair learning) or may not (e.g., do not prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus). The present work shows that, unlike anesthetics, nonimmobilizers do not depress breathing.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 173-178 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Anesthesia and Analgesia |
| Volume | 86 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 1998 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Cite this
Ventilatory effects of the nonimmobilizer 1,2- dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (2N) in swine. / Steffey, Eugene; Laster, Michael J.; Ionescu, Pompiliu; Eger, Edmond I.; Emerson, Noah.
In: Anesthesia and Analgesia, Vol. 86, No. 1, 01.01.1998, p. 173-178.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Ventilatory effects of the nonimmobilizer 1,2- dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (2N) in swine
AU - Steffey, Eugene
AU - Laster, Michael J.
AU - Ionescu, Pompiliu
AU - Eger, Edmond I.
AU - Emerson, Noah
PY - 1998/1/1
Y1 - 1998/1/1
N2 - Nonimmobilizers (inhaled compounds that do not suppress movement in response to a noxious stimulus) resemble anesthetics in their capacity to suppress memory, but unlike anesthetics, they can cause convulsions. Higher concentrations of nonimmobilizers may cause death, even with apparent suppression of convulsions by the concurrent administration of conventional inhaled anesthetics. We hypothesized that nonimmobilizers can depress ventilation and can cause death by adding to the depression of ventilation produced by conventional anesthetics. To test these hypotheses, we administered 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (2N) to four pigs anesthetized with desflurane. The addition of 2N decreased PaCO2 and tended to increase the slope of the ventilatory response to imposed increases in PETCO2. Limited results from study of two other nonimmobilizers (2,3- dichlorooctafluorobutane and perfluoropentane), in two pigs each, were consistent with the findings for 2N. However, experimental limitations (e.g., toxicity of 2,3-dichlorooctafluorobutane, and hypoxia from perfluoropentane) confound interpretation of these latter results. Our findings do not support our hypotheses - 2N (and presumably all non-immobilizers) seems to be a respiratory stimulant, not a depressant. Implications: A new class of inhaled compounds, nonimmobilizers, allow tests of how inhaled anesthetics act. Nonimmobilizers may act like anesthetics (e.g., impair learning) or may not (e.g., do not prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus). The present work shows that, unlike anesthetics, nonimmobilizers do not depress breathing.
AB - Nonimmobilizers (inhaled compounds that do not suppress movement in response to a noxious stimulus) resemble anesthetics in their capacity to suppress memory, but unlike anesthetics, they can cause convulsions. Higher concentrations of nonimmobilizers may cause death, even with apparent suppression of convulsions by the concurrent administration of conventional inhaled anesthetics. We hypothesized that nonimmobilizers can depress ventilation and can cause death by adding to the depression of ventilation produced by conventional anesthetics. To test these hypotheses, we administered 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (2N) to four pigs anesthetized with desflurane. The addition of 2N decreased PaCO2 and tended to increase the slope of the ventilatory response to imposed increases in PETCO2. Limited results from study of two other nonimmobilizers (2,3- dichlorooctafluorobutane and perfluoropentane), in two pigs each, were consistent with the findings for 2N. However, experimental limitations (e.g., toxicity of 2,3-dichlorooctafluorobutane, and hypoxia from perfluoropentane) confound interpretation of these latter results. Our findings do not support our hypotheses - 2N (and presumably all non-immobilizers) seems to be a respiratory stimulant, not a depressant. Implications: A new class of inhaled compounds, nonimmobilizers, allow tests of how inhaled anesthetics act. Nonimmobilizers may act like anesthetics (e.g., impair learning) or may not (e.g., do not prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus). The present work shows that, unlike anesthetics, nonimmobilizers do not depress breathing.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0031975331&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0031975331&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/00000539-199801000-00034
DO - 10.1097/00000539-199801000-00034
M3 - Article
C2 - 9428874
AN - SCOPUS:0031975331
VL - 86
SP - 173
EP - 178
JO - Anesthesia and Analgesia
JF - Anesthesia and Analgesia
SN - 0003-2999
IS - 1
ER -