TY - JOUR
T1 - Trends in adolescent online and offline victimization and suicide risk factors
AU - Kreski, Noah T.
AU - Chen, Qixuan
AU - Olfson, Mark
AU - Cerdá, Magdalena
AU - Hasin, Deborah
AU - Martins, Silvia S.
AU - Mauro, Pia M.
AU - Keyes, Katherine M.
N1 - Funding Information:
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: The authors have indicated they have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose. FUNDING: Funded by grant R01DA048853 (PI: Keyes) and with support from the Columbia Center for Injury Science and Prevention (R49-CE003094). Additionally, Dr Martins reports funding from grant R01DA037866, Dr Hasin reports funding from grant R01DA048860, and Dr Mauro reports funding from grant K01DA045224. The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study. Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2021 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
PY - 2021/9/1
Y1 - 2021/9/1
N2 - OBJECTIVE: Suicidal ideation and plans are increasing among US adolescents. Changing prevalence of online victimization is frequently hypothesized as an explanation for this increase. We tested trends in online and offline victimization and whether they contribute to recent trends in adolescent suicidal outcomes. METHODS: Youth Risk Behavior Survey data (2011–2019, N 5 73 074) were collected biennially through national cross-sectional surveys of US school-attending adolescents. We examined trends in past-year victimization. We also examined whether the relationship between victimization and past-year suicidal ideation, plans, attempts, and injury changed over time using survey-weighted logistic regressions that adjusted for sex and race and ethnicity. We also sex-stratified results to examine sex differences. RESULTS: Although suicidal ideation and plans increased among US adolescents (mainly girls), online and offline victimization prevalence did not increase over time (offline: 20.0% in 2011, 19.5% in 2019; online: 16.2% in 2011, 15.7% in 2019). Online and offline victimization were associated with suicidal outcomes, especially co-occurring online and offline victimization (eg, adjusted odds ratio [co-occurring online and offline victimization versus none, outcome: suicidal injury] 5 8.37; 95% confidence interval: 7.06–9.91). The magnitude of the associations between victimization and suicidal outcomes largely remained stable over time. CONCLUSION: Peer victimization prevalence has not sufficiently changed over time in concert with suicidal outcomes to explain increased suicidal outcomes. The prevalence of victimization has remained relatively invariant across time despite growing awareness and programming, making online and offline victimization consistent, socially-patterned risk factors that warrant further monitoring and interventions. Research must examine risk factors beyond victimization to explain increasing suicidal outcomes.
AB - OBJECTIVE: Suicidal ideation and plans are increasing among US adolescents. Changing prevalence of online victimization is frequently hypothesized as an explanation for this increase. We tested trends in online and offline victimization and whether they contribute to recent trends in adolescent suicidal outcomes. METHODS: Youth Risk Behavior Survey data (2011–2019, N 5 73 074) were collected biennially through national cross-sectional surveys of US school-attending adolescents. We examined trends in past-year victimization. We also examined whether the relationship between victimization and past-year suicidal ideation, plans, attempts, and injury changed over time using survey-weighted logistic regressions that adjusted for sex and race and ethnicity. We also sex-stratified results to examine sex differences. RESULTS: Although suicidal ideation and plans increased among US adolescents (mainly girls), online and offline victimization prevalence did not increase over time (offline: 20.0% in 2011, 19.5% in 2019; online: 16.2% in 2011, 15.7% in 2019). Online and offline victimization were associated with suicidal outcomes, especially co-occurring online and offline victimization (eg, adjusted odds ratio [co-occurring online and offline victimization versus none, outcome: suicidal injury] 5 8.37; 95% confidence interval: 7.06–9.91). The magnitude of the associations between victimization and suicidal outcomes largely remained stable over time. CONCLUSION: Peer victimization prevalence has not sufficiently changed over time in concert with suicidal outcomes to explain increased suicidal outcomes. The prevalence of victimization has remained relatively invariant across time despite growing awareness and programming, making online and offline victimization consistent, socially-patterned risk factors that warrant further monitoring and interventions. Research must examine risk factors beyond victimization to explain increasing suicidal outcomes.
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U2 - 10.1542/peds.2020-049585
DO - 10.1542/peds.2020-049585
M3 - Article
C2 - 34341075
AN - SCOPUS:85114396468
VL - 148
JO - Pediatrics
JF - Pediatrics
SN - 0031-4005
IS - 3
M1 - e2020049585
ER -