Abstract
The virulence of Clostridium difficile is mediated by two members of the large clostridial cytotoxin family, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). The genes, tcdA and tcdB, respectively, are located on a large pathogenicity locus (PALoc) in the bacterial chromosome. Toxin synthesis is regulated by an accessory gene regulator quorum-signaling system, mediated via a small thiolactone that can be detected in stools of patients with C. difficile infection (CDI). TcdA and TcdB consist of single, large polypeptide chains with folds stabilized by disulfide bonds. The toxin amino-termini are catalytic and are highly conserved, both function in the target cell cytoplasm by similar mechanisms. Certain strains of C. difficile have recently been associated with widespread epidemics and significantly increased morbidity and mortality attributed to hypervirulence. The most important step in toxin:cell interaction is receptor-mediated uptake of toxins.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Clostridial Diseases in Animals |
| Publisher | wiley |
| Pages | 61-70 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9781118728291 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9781118728406 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 8 2016 |
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Keywords
- Bacterial chromosome
- Clostridium difficile hypervirulence
- Clostridium difficile infection
- Pathogenicity locus
- Toxin secretion mechanism
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- veterinary(all)
Cite this
Toxins of Clostridium difficile. / Songer, J. Glenn; Harmon, Ashley E.; Keel, Michael K.
Clostridial Diseases in Animals. wiley, 2016. p. 61-70.Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter
}
TY - CHAP
T1 - Toxins of Clostridium difficile
AU - Songer, J. Glenn
AU - Harmon, Ashley E.
AU - Keel, Michael K
PY - 2016/4/8
Y1 - 2016/4/8
N2 - The virulence of Clostridium difficile is mediated by two members of the large clostridial cytotoxin family, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). The genes, tcdA and tcdB, respectively, are located on a large pathogenicity locus (PALoc) in the bacterial chromosome. Toxin synthesis is regulated by an accessory gene regulator quorum-signaling system, mediated via a small thiolactone that can be detected in stools of patients with C. difficile infection (CDI). TcdA and TcdB consist of single, large polypeptide chains with folds stabilized by disulfide bonds. The toxin amino-termini are catalytic and are highly conserved, both function in the target cell cytoplasm by similar mechanisms. Certain strains of C. difficile have recently been associated with widespread epidemics and significantly increased morbidity and mortality attributed to hypervirulence. The most important step in toxin:cell interaction is receptor-mediated uptake of toxins.
AB - The virulence of Clostridium difficile is mediated by two members of the large clostridial cytotoxin family, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). The genes, tcdA and tcdB, respectively, are located on a large pathogenicity locus (PALoc) in the bacterial chromosome. Toxin synthesis is regulated by an accessory gene regulator quorum-signaling system, mediated via a small thiolactone that can be detected in stools of patients with C. difficile infection (CDI). TcdA and TcdB consist of single, large polypeptide chains with folds stabilized by disulfide bonds. The toxin amino-termini are catalytic and are highly conserved, both function in the target cell cytoplasm by similar mechanisms. Certain strains of C. difficile have recently been associated with widespread epidemics and significantly increased morbidity and mortality attributed to hypervirulence. The most important step in toxin:cell interaction is receptor-mediated uptake of toxins.
KW - Bacterial chromosome
KW - Clostridium difficile hypervirulence
KW - Clostridium difficile infection
KW - Pathogenicity locus
KW - Toxin secretion mechanism
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85024860811&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85024860811&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/9781118728291.ch6
DO - 10.1002/9781118728291.ch6
M3 - Chapter
SN - 9781118728406
SP - 61
EP - 70
BT - Clostridial Diseases in Animals
PB - wiley
ER -