Toxicity of repeated doses of organophosphorus esters in the chicken

Hens were repeatedly exposed to paraoxon (PO, phosphonothioic acid, diethyl paranitrophenyl ester), the chemical warfare agent VX lphosphorofluoridic acid, methyl-S-(2- [bis(1-methylethyl)aminolethyl)O-ethyl ester], or the neuropathic DFP [phosphorofluoridic acid, bis(1-methylethyl)ester] as evidence was sought for nerve or other tissue damage following long-term treatments at high dose levels. Thirty-day and 90-d trials were performed in which each bird was injected 3 or 5 times per week with atropine as protection, weighed, their eggs collected, and their blood enzymes (cholinesterases creatine kinase, and lactic dehydrogenase) and locomotion periodically examined. Muscle and brain enzymes were assayed at the end of the experiments. Doses of PO and VX were at or above LD50 levels. DFP doses were lowered with each run to estimate a no-observable-effect level for organophosphate-induced delayedneuropathy (OPIDN). No abnormalities attributable to repeated exposures to either PO or VX were found, even though ac te, short-term symptoms of toxicity appeared after each injection. No evidence for OPIDN was obtained with repeated exposures to PO and VX under conditions where OPIDN was caused by DFP. Histological signs of OPIDN appeared in the spinal cord without gross symptoms of ataxia following repeated treatments of 25.