Abstract
A four-step solid-phase extraction (SPE) method is presented for toxicity-directed fractionation of industrial wastewater. This fractionation procedure serves as a key step for identifying unknown organic toxicants in complex samples. Toxicity was determined as luminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri using microtiter plates. This method was compared to standard tests in glass cuvettes using both 37 standard chemicals and 24 wastewater fractions with EC50 values covering five orders of magnitude. Results of both methods correlated well. 22 tannery wastewater samples were sequentially extracted using C18e and polystyrene-divinylbenzene phases in combination with pH-changes. Final solid-phase filtrates showed low inhibition, so toxicity of inorganics could be neglected. Using 1/EC50 values, the SPE eluates showed clearly different toxicity patterns. Even in eluates of the fourth extraction step, high toxic effects could be observed. In several cases, luminescence inhibition was increasing at the anaerobic treatment step compared to the corresponding untreated samples. After aerobic treatment, toxicity of most wastewater fractions was greatly diminished. HPLC/DAD analyses of the wastewater fractions showed a fair separation concerning compound polarity. However, the samples were still too complex to identify single compounds responsible for the detected toxicity. Therefore, a further clean-up step accompanied with toxicity testing is needed.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 11-16 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica |
| Volume | 25 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| State | Published - Jan 1997 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Luminescence Inhibition
- Polar Organics
- Solid-phase Extraction
- Toxicity
- Wastewater
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Aquatic Science
- Environmental Science(all)
- Environmental Chemistry
- Water Science and Technology
Cite this
Toxicity-directed fractionation of tannery wastewater using solid-phase extraction and luminescence inhibition in microtiter plates. / Fiehn, O.; Vigelahn, L.; Kalnowski, G.; Reemtsma, T.; Jekel, M.
In: Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, Vol. 25, No. 1, 01.1997, p. 11-16.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Toxicity-directed fractionation of tannery wastewater using solid-phase extraction and luminescence inhibition in microtiter plates
AU - Fiehn, O.
AU - Vigelahn, L.
AU - Kalnowski, G.
AU - Reemtsma, T.
AU - Jekel, M.
PY - 1997/1
Y1 - 1997/1
N2 - A four-step solid-phase extraction (SPE) method is presented for toxicity-directed fractionation of industrial wastewater. This fractionation procedure serves as a key step for identifying unknown organic toxicants in complex samples. Toxicity was determined as luminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri using microtiter plates. This method was compared to standard tests in glass cuvettes using both 37 standard chemicals and 24 wastewater fractions with EC50 values covering five orders of magnitude. Results of both methods correlated well. 22 tannery wastewater samples were sequentially extracted using C18e and polystyrene-divinylbenzene phases in combination with pH-changes. Final solid-phase filtrates showed low inhibition, so toxicity of inorganics could be neglected. Using 1/EC50 values, the SPE eluates showed clearly different toxicity patterns. Even in eluates of the fourth extraction step, high toxic effects could be observed. In several cases, luminescence inhibition was increasing at the anaerobic treatment step compared to the corresponding untreated samples. After aerobic treatment, toxicity of most wastewater fractions was greatly diminished. HPLC/DAD analyses of the wastewater fractions showed a fair separation concerning compound polarity. However, the samples were still too complex to identify single compounds responsible for the detected toxicity. Therefore, a further clean-up step accompanied with toxicity testing is needed.
AB - A four-step solid-phase extraction (SPE) method is presented for toxicity-directed fractionation of industrial wastewater. This fractionation procedure serves as a key step for identifying unknown organic toxicants in complex samples. Toxicity was determined as luminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri using microtiter plates. This method was compared to standard tests in glass cuvettes using both 37 standard chemicals and 24 wastewater fractions with EC50 values covering five orders of magnitude. Results of both methods correlated well. 22 tannery wastewater samples were sequentially extracted using C18e and polystyrene-divinylbenzene phases in combination with pH-changes. Final solid-phase filtrates showed low inhibition, so toxicity of inorganics could be neglected. Using 1/EC50 values, the SPE eluates showed clearly different toxicity patterns. Even in eluates of the fourth extraction step, high toxic effects could be observed. In several cases, luminescence inhibition was increasing at the anaerobic treatment step compared to the corresponding untreated samples. After aerobic treatment, toxicity of most wastewater fractions was greatly diminished. HPLC/DAD analyses of the wastewater fractions showed a fair separation concerning compound polarity. However, the samples were still too complex to identify single compounds responsible for the detected toxicity. Therefore, a further clean-up step accompanied with toxicity testing is needed.
KW - Luminescence Inhibition
KW - Polar Organics
KW - Solid-phase Extraction
KW - Toxicity
KW - Wastewater
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0031295612&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0031295612&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0031295612
VL - 25
SP - 11
EP - 16
JO - Clean - Soil, Air, Water
JF - Clean - Soil, Air, Water
SN - 1863-0650
IS - 1
ER -