The elbow and forearm: Congenital and developmental conditions

This chapter presents important normal anat-omy and variants, including the supracondylar process and elbow fat pads. It then discusses a wide variety of congenital and developmental anomalies that affect the elbow, radius, and ulna. Several classification schemes of congenital developmental anomalies are presented. The more common entities, such as radial longitudinal deficiency, ulna dysplasia, elbow synostosis, and radial head dislocation, are presented. The chapter also discusses transverse deficiency, phocomelia, ulnar longitudinal deficiency, and Poland deformity. The associated syndromes are briefly discussed. Lastly, Madelung deformity is presented.