Abstract
Introduction: Women who smoke have a higher rate of fatal breast cancer than nonsmoking women. An association between smoking and pulmonary metastases from breast cancer has been suggested by epidemiologic studies. Study objectives: To examine the relationship between exposure to cigarette smoke and pulmonary metastasis in a murine model of metastatic mammary cancer. Study design: Prospective, randomized study. Setting: Animal research laboratory. Experimental subjects: Female sexually mature BALB/cAnN mice. Interventions: Mice were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental animals were exposed to cigarette smoke in specialized exposure chambers, at concentrations chosen to approximate active cigarette smoking. Control animals were exposed to filtered air. One week after the initiation of exposures, mouse mammary tumor cells (tumor cell line 4526) were injected into the tail veins of experimental animals at one of three concentrations (50,000, 100,000, or 150,000 cells per 100 μL). Three weeks later, the mice were killed, and pulmonary metastases were counted and measured. Results: The mean metastatic burden in the lungs was consistently greater for smoke-exposed animals at each concentration of cells injected (at 50,000 cells per 100 μL, 9.8 vs 4.8 μm3, respectively [p < 0.01]; at 100,000 cells per 100 μL, 34.5 vs 17.4 μm3, respectively [p < 0.10]; and at 150,000 cells per 100 μL, 54.0 vs 31.5 μm 3, respectively [p < 0.05]). This was largely attributable to a significant increase in the number of metastatic nodules per animal (at 50,000 cells per 100 μL, 8.7 vs 4.8, respectively [p < 0.001]; at 100,000 cells per 100 μL, 24.3 vs 14.0, respectively [p > 0.10]; and at 150,000 cells per 100 μL, 42.0 vs 20.1, respectively [p < 0.02]) rather than to a change in nodule size. Conclusions: Cigarette smoke exposure is associated with an increase in the total pulmonary metastatic burden in this murine model of metastatic mammary cell cancer. This study provides experimental support for an adverse effect of smoking on the metastatic process and suggests a possible mechanism for smokers' increased breast cancer mortality.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1467-1471 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Chest |
| Volume | 125 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 2004 |
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Keywords
- Breast cancer
- Metastasis
- Smoking
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Cite this
The effect of cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary metastatic disease in a murine model of metastatic breast cancer. / Murin, Susan; Pinkerton, Kent E; Hubbard, Neil; Erickson, Kent L.
In: Chest, Vol. 125, No. 4, 04.2004, p. 1467-1471.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary metastatic disease in a murine model of metastatic breast cancer
AU - Murin, Susan
AU - Pinkerton, Kent E
AU - Hubbard, Neil
AU - Erickson, Kent L
PY - 2004/4
Y1 - 2004/4
N2 - Introduction: Women who smoke have a higher rate of fatal breast cancer than nonsmoking women. An association between smoking and pulmonary metastases from breast cancer has been suggested by epidemiologic studies. Study objectives: To examine the relationship between exposure to cigarette smoke and pulmonary metastasis in a murine model of metastatic mammary cancer. Study design: Prospective, randomized study. Setting: Animal research laboratory. Experimental subjects: Female sexually mature BALB/cAnN mice. Interventions: Mice were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental animals were exposed to cigarette smoke in specialized exposure chambers, at concentrations chosen to approximate active cigarette smoking. Control animals were exposed to filtered air. One week after the initiation of exposures, mouse mammary tumor cells (tumor cell line 4526) were injected into the tail veins of experimental animals at one of three concentrations (50,000, 100,000, or 150,000 cells per 100 μL). Three weeks later, the mice were killed, and pulmonary metastases were counted and measured. Results: The mean metastatic burden in the lungs was consistently greater for smoke-exposed animals at each concentration of cells injected (at 50,000 cells per 100 μL, 9.8 vs 4.8 μm3, respectively [p < 0.01]; at 100,000 cells per 100 μL, 34.5 vs 17.4 μm3, respectively [p < 0.10]; and at 150,000 cells per 100 μL, 54.0 vs 31.5 μm 3, respectively [p < 0.05]). This was largely attributable to a significant increase in the number of metastatic nodules per animal (at 50,000 cells per 100 μL, 8.7 vs 4.8, respectively [p < 0.001]; at 100,000 cells per 100 μL, 24.3 vs 14.0, respectively [p > 0.10]; and at 150,000 cells per 100 μL, 42.0 vs 20.1, respectively [p < 0.02]) rather than to a change in nodule size. Conclusions: Cigarette smoke exposure is associated with an increase in the total pulmonary metastatic burden in this murine model of metastatic mammary cell cancer. This study provides experimental support for an adverse effect of smoking on the metastatic process and suggests a possible mechanism for smokers' increased breast cancer mortality.
AB - Introduction: Women who smoke have a higher rate of fatal breast cancer than nonsmoking women. An association between smoking and pulmonary metastases from breast cancer has been suggested by epidemiologic studies. Study objectives: To examine the relationship between exposure to cigarette smoke and pulmonary metastasis in a murine model of metastatic mammary cancer. Study design: Prospective, randomized study. Setting: Animal research laboratory. Experimental subjects: Female sexually mature BALB/cAnN mice. Interventions: Mice were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental animals were exposed to cigarette smoke in specialized exposure chambers, at concentrations chosen to approximate active cigarette smoking. Control animals were exposed to filtered air. One week after the initiation of exposures, mouse mammary tumor cells (tumor cell line 4526) were injected into the tail veins of experimental animals at one of three concentrations (50,000, 100,000, or 150,000 cells per 100 μL). Three weeks later, the mice were killed, and pulmonary metastases were counted and measured. Results: The mean metastatic burden in the lungs was consistently greater for smoke-exposed animals at each concentration of cells injected (at 50,000 cells per 100 μL, 9.8 vs 4.8 μm3, respectively [p < 0.01]; at 100,000 cells per 100 μL, 34.5 vs 17.4 μm3, respectively [p < 0.10]; and at 150,000 cells per 100 μL, 54.0 vs 31.5 μm 3, respectively [p < 0.05]). This was largely attributable to a significant increase in the number of metastatic nodules per animal (at 50,000 cells per 100 μL, 8.7 vs 4.8, respectively [p < 0.001]; at 100,000 cells per 100 μL, 24.3 vs 14.0, respectively [p > 0.10]; and at 150,000 cells per 100 μL, 42.0 vs 20.1, respectively [p < 0.02]) rather than to a change in nodule size. Conclusions: Cigarette smoke exposure is associated with an increase in the total pulmonary metastatic burden in this murine model of metastatic mammary cell cancer. This study provides experimental support for an adverse effect of smoking on the metastatic process and suggests a possible mechanism for smokers' increased breast cancer mortality.
KW - Breast cancer
KW - Metastasis
KW - Smoking
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=12844286840&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=12844286840&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1378/chest.125.4.1467
DO - 10.1378/chest.125.4.1467
M3 - Article
C2 - 15078760
AN - SCOPUS:12844286840
VL - 125
SP - 1467
EP - 1471
JO - Chest
JF - Chest
SN - 0012-3692
IS - 4
ER -