@article{99cc0f944b5342fd95978eacb8b0dcdc,
title = "The Dose-Response Effects of Consuming High Fructose Corn Syrup-Sweetened Beverages on Hepatic Lipid Content and Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults",
abstract = "Increased hepatic lipid content and decreased insulin sensitivity have critical roles in the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the dose-response effects of consuming high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened beverages for two weeks on hepatic lipid content and insulin sensitivity in young (18–40 years) adults (BMI 18–35 kg/m2 ). In a parallel, double-blinded study, participants consumed three beverages/day providing 0% (aspartame: n = 23), 10% (n = 18), 17.5% (n = 16), or 25% (n = 28) daily energy requirements from HFCS. Magnetic resonance imaging for hepatic lipid content and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were conducted during 3.5-day inpatient visits at baseline and again at the end of a 15-day intervention. During the 12 intervening outpatient days participants consumed their usual diets with their assigned beverages. Significant linear dose-response effects were observed for increases of hepatic lipid content (p = 0.015) and glucose and insulin AUCs during OGTT (both p = 0.0004), and for decreases in the Matsuda (p = 0.0087) and Predicted M (p = 0.0027) indices of insulin sensitivity. These dose-response effects strengthen the mechanistic evidence implicating consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages as a contributor to the metabolic dysregulation that increases risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes.",
keywords = "high-fructose corn syrup, insulin sensitivity, lactate, liver fat, sugar-sweetened beverages",
author = "Sigala, {Desiree M.} and Bettina Hieronimus and Valentina Medici and Vivien Lee and Nunez, {Marinelle V.} and Andrew Bremer and Cox, {Chad L.} and Price, {Candice A.} and Yanet Benyam and Yasser Abdelhafez and McGahan, {John P.} and Keim, {Nancy L} and Goran, {Michael I.} and Giovanni Pacini and Andrea Tura and Sirlin, {Claude B.} and Abhijit Chaudhari and Havel, {Peter J.} and Stanhope, {Kimber L.}",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: This study was supported by the NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute 1R01 HL09133 and 1R01 HL107256; National Center for Research Resources, a component of the NIH, and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research UL1 RR024146; a Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women{\textquoteright}s Health award (K12 HD051958), funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Office of Research on Women{\textquoteright}s Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, and the National Institute of Aging (to K.L.S); and intramural USDA-ARS CRIS 5306-51530-022-00D (to N.L.K). D.M.S was supported by diversity supplement from the NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: RO1-HL-121324 and RO1-HL-137716. B.H. was supported by a research fellowship from the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) HI 2113/1-1. Funding Information: Conflicts of Interest: V.M. serves in the Advisory board of Alexion Pharmaceuticals. M.I.G. serves as Scientific Advisor to Yumi infant food and receives royalties for Sugarproof published by Penguin Random House. C.S. reports grants from GE, Siemens, Philips, Bayer, Foundation of NIH, Gilead, and Pfizer (grant is to UW-Madison; UCSD is a subcontract to UW-Madison); personal consultation fees from Blade, Boehringer, and Epigenomics; consultation under the auspices of the University to AMRA, BMS, Exact Sciences, GE Digital, IBM-Watson, and Pfizer; lab service agreements from Enanta, Gilead, ICON, Intercept, Nusirt, Shire, Synageva, Takeda; royalties from Wolters Kluwer for educational material outside the submitted work; honoraria to the institution from Medscape for educational material outside the submitted work; ownership of stock options in Livivos; unpaid position in advisory board to Quantix Bio. All other authors have no conflict of interest to declare. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3390/nu14081648",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "14",
journal = "Nutrients",
issn = "2072-6643",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "8",
}