TY - JOUR
T1 - Smoking as a risk factor for injury death
T2 - A meta-analysis of cohort studies
AU - Leistikow, Bruce N.
AU - Martin, Daniel C.
AU - Jacobs, Jeffrey
AU - Rocke, David M
PY - 1998/11
Y1 - 1998/11
N2 - Background. Injury and tobacco effects represent one-quarter of the global burden of disease. Understanding the causes of injury and the effects of smoking may help reduce those burdens. Some smokers have high risks of injury. We provide an initial meta-analysis of cohort associations between smoking and fatal injury. Methods. Three authors independently searched MEDLINE, and bibliographies of the pertinent studies found, for cigarette smoker-specific injury death data which allowed estimation of an appropriate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Relative risks and dose response were summarized by fixed effects and Poisson modeling, respectively. Results. Six studies covering 10 pertinent cohorts were located. Associations between smoking and injury death have been significant after adjustment or, in effect, stratification for age, race, sex, country, and, respectively, alcohol, marriage, education, and body mass; job and time period; job, alcohol, and exercise; etc. Summary dose-response trends were significantly positive (P < 0.00005). Cigarette smoking predicted summary injury death crude RRs of 1.61 (CI 1.44-1.81) vs never smokers and 1.39 (CI 1.25-1.55) vs ex-smokers. Conclusions. Smoking has significant, consistent, dose-response, often strong and independent, prospective associations with injury death, internationally.
AB - Background. Injury and tobacco effects represent one-quarter of the global burden of disease. Understanding the causes of injury and the effects of smoking may help reduce those burdens. Some smokers have high risks of injury. We provide an initial meta-analysis of cohort associations between smoking and fatal injury. Methods. Three authors independently searched MEDLINE, and bibliographies of the pertinent studies found, for cigarette smoker-specific injury death data which allowed estimation of an appropriate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Relative risks and dose response were summarized by fixed effects and Poisson modeling, respectively. Results. Six studies covering 10 pertinent cohorts were located. Associations between smoking and injury death have been significant after adjustment or, in effect, stratification for age, race, sex, country, and, respectively, alcohol, marriage, education, and body mass; job and time period; job, alcohol, and exercise; etc. Summary dose-response trends were significantly positive (P < 0.00005). Cigarette smoking predicted summary injury death crude RRs of 1.61 (CI 1.44-1.81) vs never smokers and 1.39 (CI 1.25-1.55) vs ex-smokers. Conclusions. Smoking has significant, consistent, dose-response, often strong and independent, prospective associations with injury death, internationally.
KW - Adverse effects
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Injuries
KW - Meta-analysis
KW - Smoking
KW - Wounds
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U2 - 10.1006/pmed.1998.0374
DO - 10.1006/pmed.1998.0374
M3 - Article
C2 - 9922070
AN - SCOPUS:0032435470
VL - 27
SP - 871
EP - 878
JO - Preventive Medicine
JF - Preventive Medicine
SN - 0091-7435
IS - 6
ER -