Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) are members of the genus Lentivirus and the family Retroviridae. SIVmac was the first member of the group to be identified following isolation of a retrovirus from a captive rhesus macaque housed at a US primate center. The virus was introduced into captive macaque populations in the US during transfer of tissue from SIV-infected African monkeys to Asian macaques. Lentivirus genomes contain long terminal repeats at each end and genes encoding three virion structural proteins: core, polymerase, and envelope. In addition, all SIV genomes also contain five accessory genes, vif, vpr, rev, tat, and nef, and a subset of SIVs has one of two unique genes: vpr or vpu. SIV infects CD4+ cells of the immune system including T-cell, macrophages, and dendritic cells. While the CD4 molecule is the primary cellular receptor for SIV, a number of chemokine receptors are required co-receptors for SIV infection. While the endemic SIV infections of African monkeys and apes seem to be minimally pathogenic, SIV infections of Asian macaques cause simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This disease results from the profound destruction of CD4+ T cells in lymphoid organs throughout the body. SIV infection of macaques closely mimics the pathogenesis, virology, immunology, and pathology of HIV infection in people and it has been used as a model to test strategies to prevent ot treat AIDS.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Encyclopedia of Virology |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd. |
| Pages | 594-603 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9780123744104 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2008 |
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Keywords
- AIDS
- CD4+ T-cell
- Chimpanzees
- Dendritic cells
- Gorillas
- HIV
- Human
- Interspecies transmission
- Lentivirus
- Macaques
- Macrophages
- Retrovirus
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Microbiology(all)
Cite this
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus : Animal Models of Disease. / Miller, C. J.; Marthas, M.
Encyclopedia of Virology. Elsevier Ltd., 2008. p. 594-603.Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter
}
TY - CHAP
T1 - Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
T2 - Animal Models of Disease
AU - Miller, C. J.
AU - Marthas, M.
PY - 2008/1/1
Y1 - 2008/1/1
N2 - Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) are members of the genus Lentivirus and the family Retroviridae. SIVmac was the first member of the group to be identified following isolation of a retrovirus from a captive rhesus macaque housed at a US primate center. The virus was introduced into captive macaque populations in the US during transfer of tissue from SIV-infected African monkeys to Asian macaques. Lentivirus genomes contain long terminal repeats at each end and genes encoding three virion structural proteins: core, polymerase, and envelope. In addition, all SIV genomes also contain five accessory genes, vif, vpr, rev, tat, and nef, and a subset of SIVs has one of two unique genes: vpr or vpu. SIV infects CD4+ cells of the immune system including T-cell, macrophages, and dendritic cells. While the CD4 molecule is the primary cellular receptor for SIV, a number of chemokine receptors are required co-receptors for SIV infection. While the endemic SIV infections of African monkeys and apes seem to be minimally pathogenic, SIV infections of Asian macaques cause simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This disease results from the profound destruction of CD4+ T cells in lymphoid organs throughout the body. SIV infection of macaques closely mimics the pathogenesis, virology, immunology, and pathology of HIV infection in people and it has been used as a model to test strategies to prevent ot treat AIDS.
AB - Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) are members of the genus Lentivirus and the family Retroviridae. SIVmac was the first member of the group to be identified following isolation of a retrovirus from a captive rhesus macaque housed at a US primate center. The virus was introduced into captive macaque populations in the US during transfer of tissue from SIV-infected African monkeys to Asian macaques. Lentivirus genomes contain long terminal repeats at each end and genes encoding three virion structural proteins: core, polymerase, and envelope. In addition, all SIV genomes also contain five accessory genes, vif, vpr, rev, tat, and nef, and a subset of SIVs has one of two unique genes: vpr or vpu. SIV infects CD4+ cells of the immune system including T-cell, macrophages, and dendritic cells. While the CD4 molecule is the primary cellular receptor for SIV, a number of chemokine receptors are required co-receptors for SIV infection. While the endemic SIV infections of African monkeys and apes seem to be minimally pathogenic, SIV infections of Asian macaques cause simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This disease results from the profound destruction of CD4+ T cells in lymphoid organs throughout the body. SIV infection of macaques closely mimics the pathogenesis, virology, immunology, and pathology of HIV infection in people and it has been used as a model to test strategies to prevent ot treat AIDS.
KW - AIDS
KW - CD4+ T-cell
KW - Chimpanzees
KW - Dendritic cells
KW - Gorillas
KW - HIV
KW - Human
KW - Interspecies transmission
KW - Lentivirus
KW - Macaques
KW - Macrophages
KW - Retrovirus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069940125&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85069940125&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/B978-012374410-4.00679-8
DO - 10.1016/B978-012374410-4.00679-8
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:85069940125
SN - 9780123744104
SP - 594
EP - 603
BT - Encyclopedia of Virology
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
ER -