Scientific evidence to support a vitamin E and heart disease health claim: Research needs

In addition to epidemiologic studies suggesting a benefit for high intakes of α-tocopherol, studies following supplementation in humans have clearly shown that α-tocopherol decreases lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation, and functions as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. However, prospective human clinical trials with α-tocopherol alone and in combination with other antioxidants have been largely negative. In this review, we critically appraise the various clinical trials and provide recommendations for future research.