Abstract
We investigated roles for substance P (SP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and glutamate in the spinal neurotransmission of histamine-dependent and -independent itch. In anesthetized mice, responses of single superficial dorsal horn neurons to intradermal (i.d.) injection of chloroquine were partially reduced by spinal application of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazole proprionate acid (AMPA)/kainate antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline- 2,3-dione (CNQX). Co-application of CNQX plus a neurokinin-1 (NK-1) antagonist produced stronger inhibition, while co-application of CNQX, NK-1, and GRP receptor (GRPR) antagonists completely inhibited firing. Nociceptive-specific and wide dynamic range-type neurons exhibited differential suppression by CNQX plus either the GRPR or NK-1 antagonist, respectively. Neuronal responses elicited by i.d. histamine were abolished by CNQX alone. In behavioral studies, individual intrathecal administration of a GRPR, NK-1, or AMPA antagonist each significantly attenuated chloroquine-evoked scratching behavior. Co-administration of the NK-1 and AMPA antagonists was more effective, and administration of all 3 antagonists abolished scratching. Intrathecal CNQX alone prevented histamine-evoked scratching behavior. We additionally employed a double-label strategy to investigate molecular markers of pruritogen-sensitive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. DRG cells responsive to histamine and/or chloroquine, identified by calcium imaging, were then processed for co-expression of SP, GRP, or vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGLUT2) immunofluorescence. Subpopulations of chloroquine- and/or histamine-sensitive DRG cells were immunopositive for SP and/or GRP, with >80% immunopositive for VGLUT2. These results indicate that SP, GRP, and glutamate each partially contribute to histamine-independent itch. Histamine-evoked itch is mediated primarily by glutamate, with GRP playing a lesser role. Co-application of NK-1, GRP, and AMPA receptor antagonists may prove beneficial in treating chronic itch.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 80-92 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Pain |
| Volume | 155 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 2014 |
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Keywords
- Gastrin-releasing peptide
- Glutamate
- Histamine
- Itch
- Scratching
- Substance P
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Clinical Neurology
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
- Neurology
- Pharmacology
Cite this
Roles of glutamate, substance P, and gastrin-releasing peptide as spinal neurotransmitters of histaminergic and nonhistaminergic itch. / Akiyama, Tasuku; Tominaga, Mitsutoshi; Takamori, Kenji; Carstens, Mirela Iodi; Carstens, Earl.
In: Pain, Vol. 155, No. 1, 01.2014, p. 80-92.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Roles of glutamate, substance P, and gastrin-releasing peptide as spinal neurotransmitters of histaminergic and nonhistaminergic itch
AU - Akiyama, Tasuku
AU - Tominaga, Mitsutoshi
AU - Takamori, Kenji
AU - Carstens, Mirela Iodi
AU - Carstens, Earl
PY - 2014/1
Y1 - 2014/1
N2 - We investigated roles for substance P (SP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and glutamate in the spinal neurotransmission of histamine-dependent and -independent itch. In anesthetized mice, responses of single superficial dorsal horn neurons to intradermal (i.d.) injection of chloroquine were partially reduced by spinal application of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazole proprionate acid (AMPA)/kainate antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline- 2,3-dione (CNQX). Co-application of CNQX plus a neurokinin-1 (NK-1) antagonist produced stronger inhibition, while co-application of CNQX, NK-1, and GRP receptor (GRPR) antagonists completely inhibited firing. Nociceptive-specific and wide dynamic range-type neurons exhibited differential suppression by CNQX plus either the GRPR or NK-1 antagonist, respectively. Neuronal responses elicited by i.d. histamine were abolished by CNQX alone. In behavioral studies, individual intrathecal administration of a GRPR, NK-1, or AMPA antagonist each significantly attenuated chloroquine-evoked scratching behavior. Co-administration of the NK-1 and AMPA antagonists was more effective, and administration of all 3 antagonists abolished scratching. Intrathecal CNQX alone prevented histamine-evoked scratching behavior. We additionally employed a double-label strategy to investigate molecular markers of pruritogen-sensitive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. DRG cells responsive to histamine and/or chloroquine, identified by calcium imaging, were then processed for co-expression of SP, GRP, or vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGLUT2) immunofluorescence. Subpopulations of chloroquine- and/or histamine-sensitive DRG cells were immunopositive for SP and/or GRP, with >80% immunopositive for VGLUT2. These results indicate that SP, GRP, and glutamate each partially contribute to histamine-independent itch. Histamine-evoked itch is mediated primarily by glutamate, with GRP playing a lesser role. Co-application of NK-1, GRP, and AMPA receptor antagonists may prove beneficial in treating chronic itch.
AB - We investigated roles for substance P (SP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and glutamate in the spinal neurotransmission of histamine-dependent and -independent itch. In anesthetized mice, responses of single superficial dorsal horn neurons to intradermal (i.d.) injection of chloroquine were partially reduced by spinal application of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazole proprionate acid (AMPA)/kainate antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline- 2,3-dione (CNQX). Co-application of CNQX plus a neurokinin-1 (NK-1) antagonist produced stronger inhibition, while co-application of CNQX, NK-1, and GRP receptor (GRPR) antagonists completely inhibited firing. Nociceptive-specific and wide dynamic range-type neurons exhibited differential suppression by CNQX plus either the GRPR or NK-1 antagonist, respectively. Neuronal responses elicited by i.d. histamine were abolished by CNQX alone. In behavioral studies, individual intrathecal administration of a GRPR, NK-1, or AMPA antagonist each significantly attenuated chloroquine-evoked scratching behavior. Co-administration of the NK-1 and AMPA antagonists was more effective, and administration of all 3 antagonists abolished scratching. Intrathecal CNQX alone prevented histamine-evoked scratching behavior. We additionally employed a double-label strategy to investigate molecular markers of pruritogen-sensitive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. DRG cells responsive to histamine and/or chloroquine, identified by calcium imaging, were then processed for co-expression of SP, GRP, or vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGLUT2) immunofluorescence. Subpopulations of chloroquine- and/or histamine-sensitive DRG cells were immunopositive for SP and/or GRP, with >80% immunopositive for VGLUT2. These results indicate that SP, GRP, and glutamate each partially contribute to histamine-independent itch. Histamine-evoked itch is mediated primarily by glutamate, with GRP playing a lesser role. Co-application of NK-1, GRP, and AMPA receptor antagonists may prove beneficial in treating chronic itch.
KW - Gastrin-releasing peptide
KW - Glutamate
KW - Histamine
KW - Itch
KW - Scratching
KW - Substance P
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84891825227&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pain.2013.09.011
DO - 10.1016/j.pain.2013.09.011
M3 - Article
VL - 155
SP - 80
EP - 92
JO - Pain
JF - Pain
SN - 0304-3959
IS - 1
ER -