Abstract
Objective: To characterize the clinical features of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), risk factors, and outcome in dogs and cats. The study also aimed to evaluate the current veterinary criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS by comparison of clinical diagnostic criteria with necropsy findings. Design: Retrospective study. Animals: Fifty-four client-owned animals, 46 dogs and 8 cats. Interventions: Medical records were reviewed for patients with the diagnosis of ARDS based on previously published clinical criteria or necropsy diagnosis. Signalment, clinical findings, and outcome were recorded. Measurements and Main Results: Animals were grouped according to a clinical or necropsy diagnosis: 43/54 (80%) were diagnosed with ARDS based on clinical criteria (group 1) and 11/54 (20%) were diagnosed with ARDS based on necropsy only (group 2). In group 1, 22/43 (51%) had a necropsy, which confirmed ARDS in 12/22 (54%). Direct (pulmonary) causes of ARDS were more common than indirect causes in dogs, while cats had a similar occurrence of direct and indirect causes. The most common risk factors identified in dogs were aspiration pneumonia (42%), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (29%), and shock (29%). All cats diagnosed clinically with ARDS had SIRS with or without sepsis. Of the animals with a clinical diagnosis of ARDS, 49% received mechanical ventilation and 58% received treatment (with or without mechanical ventilation) for 24 hours or longer. The overall case fatality rate was 84% in dogs and 100% in cats. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: As described in human literature, pneumonia was the most common risk factor in dogs with ARDS, whereas it was SIRS for the cat population. The high mortality rate and discrepancy between the clinical diagnosis and necropsy findings may highlight limitations in the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS and treatment in dogs and cats.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 173-179 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care |
| Volume | 29 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 1 2019 |
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Keywords
- acute lung injury
- aspiration pneumonia
- mechanical ventilation
- sepsis
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- veterinary(all)
Cite this
Risk factors, characteristics, and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in dogs and cats : 54 cases. / Boiron, Ludivine; Hopper, Katrina; Borchers, Angela.
In: Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, Vol. 29, No. 2, 01.03.2019, p. 173-179.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk factors, characteristics, and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in dogs and cats
T2 - 54 cases
AU - Boiron, Ludivine
AU - Hopper, Katrina
AU - Borchers, Angela
PY - 2019/3/1
Y1 - 2019/3/1
N2 - Objective: To characterize the clinical features of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), risk factors, and outcome in dogs and cats. The study also aimed to evaluate the current veterinary criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS by comparison of clinical diagnostic criteria with necropsy findings. Design: Retrospective study. Animals: Fifty-four client-owned animals, 46 dogs and 8 cats. Interventions: Medical records were reviewed for patients with the diagnosis of ARDS based on previously published clinical criteria or necropsy diagnosis. Signalment, clinical findings, and outcome were recorded. Measurements and Main Results: Animals were grouped according to a clinical or necropsy diagnosis: 43/54 (80%) were diagnosed with ARDS based on clinical criteria (group 1) and 11/54 (20%) were diagnosed with ARDS based on necropsy only (group 2). In group 1, 22/43 (51%) had a necropsy, which confirmed ARDS in 12/22 (54%). Direct (pulmonary) causes of ARDS were more common than indirect causes in dogs, while cats had a similar occurrence of direct and indirect causes. The most common risk factors identified in dogs were aspiration pneumonia (42%), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (29%), and shock (29%). All cats diagnosed clinically with ARDS had SIRS with or without sepsis. Of the animals with a clinical diagnosis of ARDS, 49% received mechanical ventilation and 58% received treatment (with or without mechanical ventilation) for 24 hours or longer. The overall case fatality rate was 84% in dogs and 100% in cats. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: As described in human literature, pneumonia was the most common risk factor in dogs with ARDS, whereas it was SIRS for the cat population. The high mortality rate and discrepancy between the clinical diagnosis and necropsy findings may highlight limitations in the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS and treatment in dogs and cats.
AB - Objective: To characterize the clinical features of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), risk factors, and outcome in dogs and cats. The study also aimed to evaluate the current veterinary criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS by comparison of clinical diagnostic criteria with necropsy findings. Design: Retrospective study. Animals: Fifty-four client-owned animals, 46 dogs and 8 cats. Interventions: Medical records were reviewed for patients with the diagnosis of ARDS based on previously published clinical criteria or necropsy diagnosis. Signalment, clinical findings, and outcome were recorded. Measurements and Main Results: Animals were grouped according to a clinical or necropsy diagnosis: 43/54 (80%) were diagnosed with ARDS based on clinical criteria (group 1) and 11/54 (20%) were diagnosed with ARDS based on necropsy only (group 2). In group 1, 22/43 (51%) had a necropsy, which confirmed ARDS in 12/22 (54%). Direct (pulmonary) causes of ARDS were more common than indirect causes in dogs, while cats had a similar occurrence of direct and indirect causes. The most common risk factors identified in dogs were aspiration pneumonia (42%), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (29%), and shock (29%). All cats diagnosed clinically with ARDS had SIRS with or without sepsis. Of the animals with a clinical diagnosis of ARDS, 49% received mechanical ventilation and 58% received treatment (with or without mechanical ventilation) for 24 hours or longer. The overall case fatality rate was 84% in dogs and 100% in cats. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: As described in human literature, pneumonia was the most common risk factor in dogs with ARDS, whereas it was SIRS for the cat population. The high mortality rate and discrepancy between the clinical diagnosis and necropsy findings may highlight limitations in the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS and treatment in dogs and cats.
KW - acute lung injury
KW - aspiration pneumonia
KW - mechanical ventilation
KW - sepsis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062959650&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85062959650&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/vec.12819
DO - 10.1111/vec.12819
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30861281
AN - SCOPUS:85062959650
VL - 29
SP - 173
EP - 179
JO - Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care
JF - Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care
SN - 1479-3261
IS - 2
ER -