TY - JOUR
T1 - Revisiting Libman-Sacks endocarditis
T2 - A historical review and update
AU - Lee, Jennifer L.
AU - Naguwa, Stanley M
AU - Cheema, Gurtej S.
AU - Gershwin, M. Eric
PY - 2009/6
Y1 - 2009/6
N2 - Libman-Sacks (LS) endocarditis was first described by Libman and Sacks in 1924, and is characterized by sterile, verrucous valvular lesions with a predisposition for the mitral and aortic valves. It is now regarded as both a cardiac manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus and, in recent years, of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Though typically mild and asymptomatic, LS endocarditis can lead to significant complications, including severe valvular insufficiency requiring surgery, infective endocarditis, and thromboembolic events, such as stroke and transient ischemic events. Improvements in imaging modalities, particularly in echocardiography, have allowed better estimation of the prevalence of the disease, but further investigation is still needed into its pathogenesis, treatment, and association with APS.
AB - Libman-Sacks (LS) endocarditis was first described by Libman and Sacks in 1924, and is characterized by sterile, verrucous valvular lesions with a predisposition for the mitral and aortic valves. It is now regarded as both a cardiac manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus and, in recent years, of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Though typically mild and asymptomatic, LS endocarditis can lead to significant complications, including severe valvular insufficiency requiring surgery, infective endocarditis, and thromboembolic events, such as stroke and transient ischemic events. Improvements in imaging modalities, particularly in echocardiography, have allowed better estimation of the prevalence of the disease, but further investigation is still needed into its pathogenesis, treatment, and association with APS.
KW - Antiphospholipid syndrome
KW - Libman-Sacks endocarditis
KW - Systemic lupus erythematosus
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U2 - 10.1007/s12016-008-8113-y
DO - 10.1007/s12016-008-8113-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 19089657
AN - SCOPUS:66349083885
VL - 36
SP - 126
EP - 130
JO - Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology
JF - Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology
SN - 1080-0549
IS - 2-3
ER -