Abstract
The associations of urinary pregnanediol-glucuronide (PdG) levels and menstrual bleeding and their modification of associations of other risk factors with vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are examined. Daily urine samples were collected for 1 menstrual cycle or 50 days if no bleeding occurred. Participants (n = 742) were aged 43 to 54 years, not using exogenous hormones, not pregnant, had an intact uterus and > 1 ovary, and menstruated in the prior 3 months. Multivariate analyses were performed of urinary hormone metabolites and within-woman proportion of days reporting VMS. VMS reporting was 4-fold greater (P =.0005) in women whose urine collections ended without bleeding. In collections with PdG levels suggestive of ovulatory activity according to the work of Kassam et al, VMS are significantly associated with obesity, early perimenopause, and increasing PdG levels. In collections with lower PdG concentrations, VMS are significantly increased with no bleeding, smoking, higher age, physical activity, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone and are significantly reduced with increasing estrogen concentrations.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 786-797 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Reproductive Sciences |
Volume | 14 |
Issue number | 8 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 2007 |
Keywords
- Body weight
- Endogenous hormones
- Hot flashes
- Menopause
- Ovarian function
- Race/ethnicity
- Smoking
- Socioeconomic status
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Medicine(all)