Abstract
An abundant cell source is the cornerstone of most tissue engineering strategies, but extracting cells from the knee meniscus is hindered by its dense fibrocartilaginous matrix. Identifying a method to efficiently isolate meniscus cells is important, as it can reduce the cost and effort required to perform meniscus engineering research. In this study, six enzymatic digestion regimens used for cartilaginous cell isolation were used to isolate cells from the outer, middle, and inner regions of the bovine knee meniscus. Each regimen in each region was assessed in terms of cell yield, impact on cell phenotype, and cytotoxicity. All digestion regimens caused an overall upregulation of cartilage-specific genes Sox9, collagen type I (Col 1), collagen type II (Col 2), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and aggrecan (AGC) in cells from all meniscus regions, but was highest for cells isolated using 1075U/mL of collagenase for 3h (high collagenase). In response to isolation, outer meniscus cells showed highest upregulation of Sox9 and Col 1 genes, whereas greatest upregulation for middle meniscus cells was seen in Col 1 expression, and Col 2 expression for inner cells. Cell yield was highest in all regions when subjected to 45min of 61U/mL pronase followed by 3h of 1075U/mL collagenase (pronase/collagenase [P/C]) digestion regimen (outer: 6.57±0.37, middle: 12.77±1.41, inner: 22.17±1.47×106 cells/g tissue). The second highest cell yield was achieved using the low collagenase (LC) digestion regimen that applied 433U/mL of collagenase for 18h (outer: 1.95±0.54, middle: 3.3±4.4, inner: 6.06±2.44×10 6 cells/g tissue). Cytotoxicity analysis showed higher cell death in the LC group compared with the P/C group. Self-assembled constructs formed from LC-isolated cells were less dense than constructs formed from P/C-isolated cells, and P/C constructs showed higher glycosaminoglycan content and compressive moduli than LC constructs. All isolation methods tested resulted in similar phenotypic changes in meniscus cells from each region. These results indicate that, compared with other common isolation protocols, the P/C isolation method is able to more efficiently isolate meniscus cells from all regions that can produce tissue engineered constructs.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 235-243 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Tissue Engineering - Part C: Methods |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 1 2012 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biomedical Engineering
- Bioengineering
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
- Medicine(all)
Cite this
Regional effects of enzymatic digestion on knee meniscus cell yield and phenotype for tissue engineering. / Sanchez-Adams, Johannah; Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.
In: Tissue Engineering - Part C: Methods, Vol. 18, No. 3, 01.03.2012, p. 235-243.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Regional effects of enzymatic digestion on knee meniscus cell yield and phenotype for tissue engineering
AU - Sanchez-Adams, Johannah
AU - Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.
PY - 2012/3/1
Y1 - 2012/3/1
N2 - An abundant cell source is the cornerstone of most tissue engineering strategies, but extracting cells from the knee meniscus is hindered by its dense fibrocartilaginous matrix. Identifying a method to efficiently isolate meniscus cells is important, as it can reduce the cost and effort required to perform meniscus engineering research. In this study, six enzymatic digestion regimens used for cartilaginous cell isolation were used to isolate cells from the outer, middle, and inner regions of the bovine knee meniscus. Each regimen in each region was assessed in terms of cell yield, impact on cell phenotype, and cytotoxicity. All digestion regimens caused an overall upregulation of cartilage-specific genes Sox9, collagen type I (Col 1), collagen type II (Col 2), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and aggrecan (AGC) in cells from all meniscus regions, but was highest for cells isolated using 1075U/mL of collagenase for 3h (high collagenase). In response to isolation, outer meniscus cells showed highest upregulation of Sox9 and Col 1 genes, whereas greatest upregulation for middle meniscus cells was seen in Col 1 expression, and Col 2 expression for inner cells. Cell yield was highest in all regions when subjected to 45min of 61U/mL pronase followed by 3h of 1075U/mL collagenase (pronase/collagenase [P/C]) digestion regimen (outer: 6.57±0.37, middle: 12.77±1.41, inner: 22.17±1.47×106 cells/g tissue). The second highest cell yield was achieved using the low collagenase (LC) digestion regimen that applied 433U/mL of collagenase for 18h (outer: 1.95±0.54, middle: 3.3±4.4, inner: 6.06±2.44×10 6 cells/g tissue). Cytotoxicity analysis showed higher cell death in the LC group compared with the P/C group. Self-assembled constructs formed from LC-isolated cells were less dense than constructs formed from P/C-isolated cells, and P/C constructs showed higher glycosaminoglycan content and compressive moduli than LC constructs. All isolation methods tested resulted in similar phenotypic changes in meniscus cells from each region. These results indicate that, compared with other common isolation protocols, the P/C isolation method is able to more efficiently isolate meniscus cells from all regions that can produce tissue engineered constructs.
AB - An abundant cell source is the cornerstone of most tissue engineering strategies, but extracting cells from the knee meniscus is hindered by its dense fibrocartilaginous matrix. Identifying a method to efficiently isolate meniscus cells is important, as it can reduce the cost and effort required to perform meniscus engineering research. In this study, six enzymatic digestion regimens used for cartilaginous cell isolation were used to isolate cells from the outer, middle, and inner regions of the bovine knee meniscus. Each regimen in each region was assessed in terms of cell yield, impact on cell phenotype, and cytotoxicity. All digestion regimens caused an overall upregulation of cartilage-specific genes Sox9, collagen type I (Col 1), collagen type II (Col 2), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and aggrecan (AGC) in cells from all meniscus regions, but was highest for cells isolated using 1075U/mL of collagenase for 3h (high collagenase). In response to isolation, outer meniscus cells showed highest upregulation of Sox9 and Col 1 genes, whereas greatest upregulation for middle meniscus cells was seen in Col 1 expression, and Col 2 expression for inner cells. Cell yield was highest in all regions when subjected to 45min of 61U/mL pronase followed by 3h of 1075U/mL collagenase (pronase/collagenase [P/C]) digestion regimen (outer: 6.57±0.37, middle: 12.77±1.41, inner: 22.17±1.47×106 cells/g tissue). The second highest cell yield was achieved using the low collagenase (LC) digestion regimen that applied 433U/mL of collagenase for 18h (outer: 1.95±0.54, middle: 3.3±4.4, inner: 6.06±2.44×10 6 cells/g tissue). Cytotoxicity analysis showed higher cell death in the LC group compared with the P/C group. Self-assembled constructs formed from LC-isolated cells were less dense than constructs formed from P/C-isolated cells, and P/C constructs showed higher glycosaminoglycan content and compressive moduli than LC constructs. All isolation methods tested resulted in similar phenotypic changes in meniscus cells from each region. These results indicate that, compared with other common isolation protocols, the P/C isolation method is able to more efficiently isolate meniscus cells from all regions that can produce tissue engineered constructs.
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U2 - 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0383
DO - 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0383
M3 - Article
C2 - 22029490
AN - SCOPUS:84857590943
VL - 18
SP - 235
EP - 243
JO - Tissue Engineering - Part C: Methods
JF - Tissue Engineering - Part C: Methods
SN - 1937-3384
IS - 3
ER -