TY - JOUR
T1 - Rabbit and nonhuman primate models of toxin-targeting human anthrax vaccines
AU - Phipps, Andrew J.
AU - Premanandan, Christopher
AU - Barnewall, Roy E.
AU - Lairmore, Michael Dale
PY - 2004/12
Y1 - 2004/12
N2 - The intentional use of Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, as a bioterrorist weapon in late 2001 made our society acutely aware of the importance of developing, testing, and stockpiling adequate countermeasures against biological attacks. Biodefense vaccines are an important component of our arsenal to be used during a biological attack. However, most of the agents considered significant threats either have been eradicated or rarely infect humans alive today. As such, vaccine efficacy cannot be determined in human clinical trials but must be extrapolated from experimental animal models. This article reviews the efficacy and immunogenicity of human anthrax vaccines in well-defined animal models and the progress toward developing a rugged immunologic correlate of protection. The ongoing evaluation of human anthrax vaccines will be dependent on animal efficacy data in the absence of human efficacy data for licensure by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
AB - The intentional use of Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, as a bioterrorist weapon in late 2001 made our society acutely aware of the importance of developing, testing, and stockpiling adequate countermeasures against biological attacks. Biodefense vaccines are an important component of our arsenal to be used during a biological attack. However, most of the agents considered significant threats either have been eradicated or rarely infect humans alive today. As such, vaccine efficacy cannot be determined in human clinical trials but must be extrapolated from experimental animal models. This article reviews the efficacy and immunogenicity of human anthrax vaccines in well-defined animal models and the progress toward developing a rugged immunologic correlate of protection. The ongoing evaluation of human anthrax vaccines will be dependent on animal efficacy data in the absence of human efficacy data for licensure by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
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U2 - 10.1128/MMBR.68.4.617-629.2004
DO - 10.1128/MMBR.68.4.617-629.2004
M3 - Article
C2 - 15590776
AN - SCOPUS:10344220496
VL - 68
SP - 617
EP - 629
JO - Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
JF - Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
SN - 1092-2172
IS - 4
ER -