Pure red cell aplasia: Lymphocyte inhibition of erythropoiesis

The pathogens of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) was studied in a patient who had no evidence of malignancy. In marrow culture, no erythroid colonies (from late erythroid progenitors [CFU-E]) but normal numbers of well-haemoglobinized erythroid bursts (from early erythroid progenitors [BFU-E]) were found, indicating that BFU-E existed in the patient but that their subsequent in vivo differentiation was inhibited. Autologous coculture studies suggested that inhibition was mediated by the patient's ER+ lymphocytes. After remission was induced with cyclophosphamide, autologous ER+ cells no longer suppressed in vitro erythropoiesis. However, cryopreserved ER+ cells, obtained with anaemia, suppressed BFU-E growth from remission marrow. An expanded population of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) with ER+, F(c)γ+, T3+, T8+, HNK-1+, Ia-, M1- phenotype and no functional natural killer (NK) cell activity was noted during PRCA that reverted to normal with remission. For this patient, both in vivo and in vitro evidence demonstrates a cellular inhibition of erythropoiesis at the level of differentiation between BFU-E and CFU-E.