TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of Ophthalmologic Diagnoses in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Optum Dataset
T2 - APopulation-Based Study
AU - Chang, Melinda Y.
AU - Doppee, Danielle
AU - Yu, Fei
AU - Perez, Claudia
AU - Coleman, Anne L.
AU - Pineles, Stacy L.
N1 - Funding Information:
All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none were reported. This study was supported by US National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R21EY029655-02 and NIH R21EY029655-02 . M.Y.C. received an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness to the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California; Children's Eye Foundation of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; and Knights Templar Eye Foundation. S.L.P. and A.L.C. received an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness to the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles.
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects an estimated 1.85% of children in the United States and is increasing in prevalence. Any relationship between ophthalmologic disorders and ASD is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence of ophthalmologic disorders in children with ASD. Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study. Methods: SETTING: claims data from Optum Labs Data Warehouse, a longitudinal real-world data asset with de-identified administrative claims and electronic health records data. STUDY POPULATION: children ≤18 years of age at the time of first claim between 2007 and 2013. Observation: diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) or autistic disorder (AD) according to International Classification of Disease-9th edition (ICD-9) codes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: prevalence of an ophthalmologic diagnosis (amblyopia, strabismus, optic neuropathy, nystagmus, or retinopathy of prematurity) by ICD-9 codes in typically developing (TD) controls and children with PDD and AD. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for each diagnosis were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Claims from more than 10 million children were included. The prevalence of any ophthalmologic diagnosis considered in this study was 3.5% in TD controls, 12.5% in children with PDD (adjusted OR, 3.22; 95% confidence interval [CI, ], 3.16-3.29; P < .001), and 13.5% in children with AD (adjusted OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 3.15-3.31; P < .001). Conclusions: Population-based data suggested an increased risk of ophthalmologic diagnoses in children with ASD. Future research is necessary to further clarify the relationship between ophthalmologic disorders and autistic symptoms and severity.
AB - Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects an estimated 1.85% of children in the United States and is increasing in prevalence. Any relationship between ophthalmologic disorders and ASD is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence of ophthalmologic disorders in children with ASD. Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study. Methods: SETTING: claims data from Optum Labs Data Warehouse, a longitudinal real-world data asset with de-identified administrative claims and electronic health records data. STUDY POPULATION: children ≤18 years of age at the time of first claim between 2007 and 2013. Observation: diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) or autistic disorder (AD) according to International Classification of Disease-9th edition (ICD-9) codes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: prevalence of an ophthalmologic diagnosis (amblyopia, strabismus, optic neuropathy, nystagmus, or retinopathy of prematurity) by ICD-9 codes in typically developing (TD) controls and children with PDD and AD. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for each diagnosis were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Claims from more than 10 million children were included. The prevalence of any ophthalmologic diagnosis considered in this study was 3.5% in TD controls, 12.5% in children with PDD (adjusted OR, 3.22; 95% confidence interval [CI, ], 3.16-3.29; P < .001), and 13.5% in children with AD (adjusted OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 3.15-3.31; P < .001). Conclusions: Population-based data suggested an increased risk of ophthalmologic diagnoses in children with ASD. Future research is necessary to further clarify the relationship between ophthalmologic disorders and autistic symptoms and severity.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85095744743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85095744743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.08.048
DO - 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.08.048
M3 - Article
C2 - 32896499
AN - SCOPUS:85095744743
VL - 221
SP - 147
EP - 153
JO - American Journal of Ophthalmology
JF - American Journal of Ophthalmology
SN - 0002-9394
ER -