TY - JOUR
T1 - Pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone hydrochloride after intramuscular and intravenous administration of a single dose to orange-winged amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica)
AU - Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, David
AU - Knych, Heather
AU - Douglas, Jamie
AU - Paul-Murphy, Joanne R.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, and the Richard M. Schubot Parrot Wellness and Welfare Program at the University of California-Davis.
PY - 2020/11
Y1 - 2020/11
N2 - OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone hydrochloride after IM and IV administration to orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica). ANIMALS 8 orange-winged Amazon parrots (4 males and 4 females). PROCEDURES Hydromorphone (1 mg/kg) was administered once IM. Blood samples were collected 5 minutes and 0.5, 1.5, 2, 3, 6, and 9 hours after drug administra-tion. Plasma hydromorphone concentrations were determined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with a compartmental model. The experiment was repeated 1 month later with the same dose of hydromorphone administered IV. RESULTS Plasma hydromorphone concentrations were > 1 ng/mL for 6 hours in 8 of 8 and 6 of 7 parrots after IM and IV injection, respectively. After IM administration, mean bioavailability was 97.6%, and mean maximum plasma concentration was 179.1 ng/mL 17 minutes after injection. Mean volume of distribution and plasma drug clearance were 4.24 L/kg and 64.2 mL/min/kg, respectively, after IV administration. Mean elimination half-lives were 1.74 and 1.45 hours after IM and IV administration, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hydromorphone hydrochloride had high bioavailability and rapid elimination after IM administration, with rapid plasma clearance and a large volume of distribution after IV administration in orange-winged Amazon parrots. Drug elimination half-lives were short. Further pharmacokinetic studies of hydromorphone and its metabolites, including investigation of multiple dos-es, different routes of administration, and sustained-release formulations, are recommended.
AB - OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone hydrochloride after IM and IV administration to orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica). ANIMALS 8 orange-winged Amazon parrots (4 males and 4 females). PROCEDURES Hydromorphone (1 mg/kg) was administered once IM. Blood samples were collected 5 minutes and 0.5, 1.5, 2, 3, 6, and 9 hours after drug administra-tion. Plasma hydromorphone concentrations were determined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with a compartmental model. The experiment was repeated 1 month later with the same dose of hydromorphone administered IV. RESULTS Plasma hydromorphone concentrations were > 1 ng/mL for 6 hours in 8 of 8 and 6 of 7 parrots after IM and IV injection, respectively. After IM administration, mean bioavailability was 97.6%, and mean maximum plasma concentration was 179.1 ng/mL 17 minutes after injection. Mean volume of distribution and plasma drug clearance were 4.24 L/kg and 64.2 mL/min/kg, respectively, after IV administration. Mean elimination half-lives were 1.74 and 1.45 hours after IM and IV administration, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hydromorphone hydrochloride had high bioavailability and rapid elimination after IM administration, with rapid plasma clearance and a large volume of distribution after IV administration in orange-winged Amazon parrots. Drug elimination half-lives were short. Further pharmacokinetic studies of hydromorphone and its metabolites, including investigation of multiple dos-es, different routes of administration, and sustained-release formulations, are recommended.
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U2 - 10.2460/ajvr.81.11.894
DO - 10.2460/ajvr.81.11.894
M3 - Article
C2 - 33107746
AN - SCOPUS:85094185081
VL - 81
SP - 894
EP - 898
JO - American Journal of Veterinary Research
JF - American Journal of Veterinary Research
SN - 0002-9645
IS - 11
ER -