Performance of bare and sol-gel coated DKDP crystal surfaces exposed to multiple 351-nm laser pulses in vacuum and air

P. Whitman; M. Norton; M. Nostrand; W. Molander; A. Nelson; M. Engelhard; D. Gaspar; D. Baer; W. Siekhaus; J. Auerbach; S. Demos; M. Staggs; A. Burnham

doi:10.1117/12.461721

Performance of bare and sol-gel coated DKDP crystal surfaces exposed to multiple 351-nm laser pulses in vacuum and air

P. Whitman, M. Norton, M. Nostrand, W. Molander, A. Nelson, M. Engelhard, D. Gaspar, D. Baer, W. Siekhaus, J. Auerbach, S. Demos, M. Staggs, A. Burnham

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

We have investigated the surface degradation of bare and sol-gel coated deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals when exposed to 351-nm laser pulses in atmospheric air and nitrogen and at pressures ranging from atmospheric down to 10 ^-5 Torr vacuum. Optical microscopy, surface topography, surface chemical analyses, 351-nm pumped photoemission maps, and photometry results have been used to characterize these samples. We report the occurrence of two potentially linked surface degradation phenomena: the development of increased photoemission and the development of unacceptable surface roughening in the region exposed to the beam in vacuum. We note no degradation for surfaces exposed in air or nitrogen at pressures exceeding 1 torr. Diamond-turned DKDP surfaces show a ubiquitous, low-intensity photoemission signature before exposure to any laser fluence. The observed reduction of this emission signal as a function of operating pressure and accumulated laser energy when crystals are exposed to 351-nm laser pulses in air can be correlated with the removal of surface carbon.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Editors	G.J. Exarhos, A.H. Guenter, K.L. Lewis, M.J. Soileau, C.J. Stolz
Pages	257-270
Number of pages	14
Volume	4679
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461721
State	Published - 2002
Externally published	Yes
Event	Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2001 - Boulder, CO, United States Duration: Oct 1 2001 → Oct 2 2001

Other

Other	Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2001
Country	United States
City	Boulder, CO
Period	10/1/01 → 10/2/01

Keywords

Fluorescence
KDP
Laser damage
Photoemission
Photoluminescence
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Surface roughening
Vacuum

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Condensed Matter Physics

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Whitman, P., Norton, M., Nostrand, M., Molander, W., Nelson, A., Engelhard, M., Gaspar, D., Baer, D., Siekhaus, W., Auerbach, J., Demos, S., Staggs, M., & Burnham, A. (2002). Performance of bare and sol-gel coated DKDP crystal surfaces exposed to multiple 351-nm laser pulses in vacuum and air. In G. J. Exarhos, A. H. Guenter, K. L. Lewis, M. J. Soileau, & C. J. Stolz (Eds.), Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering (Vol. 4679, pp. 257-270) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461721

Performance of bare and sol-gel coated DKDP crystal surfaces exposed to multiple 351-nm laser pulses in vacuum and air. / Whitman, P.; Norton, M.; Nostrand, M.; Molander, W.; Nelson, A.; Engelhard, M.; Gaspar, D.; Baer, D.; Siekhaus, W.; Auerbach, J.; Demos, S.; Staggs, M.; Burnham, A.

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. ed. / G.J. Exarhos; A.H. Guenter; K.L. Lewis; M.J. Soileau; C.J. Stolz. Vol. 4679 2002. p. 257-270.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Whitman, P, Norton, M, Nostrand, M, Molander, W, Nelson, A, Engelhard, M, Gaspar, D, Baer, D, Siekhaus, W, Auerbach, J, Demos, S, Staggs, M & Burnham, A 2002, Performance of bare and sol-gel coated DKDP crystal surfaces exposed to multiple 351-nm laser pulses in vacuum and air. in GJ Exarhos, AH Guenter, KL Lewis, MJ Soileau & CJ Stolz (eds), Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. vol. 4679, pp. 257-270, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2001, Boulder, CO, United States, 10/1/01. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461721

Whitman P, Norton M, Nostrand M, Molander W, Nelson A, Engelhard M et al. Performance of bare and sol-gel coated DKDP crystal surfaces exposed to multiple 351-nm laser pulses in vacuum and air. In Exarhos GJ, Guenter AH, Lewis KL, Soileau MJ, Stolz CJ, editors, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 4679. 2002. p. 257-270 https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461721

Whitman, P. ; Norton, M. ; Nostrand, M. ; Molander, W. ; Nelson, A. ; Engelhard, M. ; Gaspar, D. ; Baer, D. ; Siekhaus, W. ; Auerbach, J. ; Demos, S. ; Staggs, M. ; Burnham, A. / Performance of bare and sol-gel coated DKDP crystal surfaces exposed to multiple 351-nm laser pulses in vacuum and air. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. editor / G.J. Exarhos ; A.H. Guenter ; K.L. Lewis ; M.J. Soileau ; C.J. Stolz. Vol. 4679 2002. pp. 257-270

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abstract = "We have investigated the surface degradation of bare and sol-gel coated deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals when exposed to 351-nm laser pulses in atmospheric air and nitrogen and at pressures ranging from atmospheric down to 10 -5 Torr vacuum. Optical microscopy, surface topography, surface chemical analyses, 351-nm pumped photoemission maps, and photometry results have been used to characterize these samples. We report the occurrence of two potentially linked surface degradation phenomena: the development of increased photoemission and the development of unacceptable surface roughening in the region exposed to the beam in vacuum. We note no degradation for surfaces exposed in air or nitrogen at pressures exceeding 1 torr. Diamond-turned DKDP surfaces show a ubiquitous, low-intensity photoemission signature before exposure to any laser fluence. The observed reduction of this emission signal as a function of operating pressure and accumulated laser energy when crystals are exposed to 351-nm laser pulses in air can be correlated with the removal of surface carbon. ",

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author = "P. Whitman and M. Norton and M. Nostrand and W. Molander and A. Nelson and M. Engelhard and D. Gaspar and D. Baer and W. Siekhaus and J. Auerbach and S. Demos and M. Staggs and A. Burnham",

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AU - Nelson, A.

AU - Engelhard, M.

AU - Gaspar, D.

AU - Baer, D.

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AB - We have investigated the surface degradation of bare and sol-gel coated deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals when exposed to 351-nm laser pulses in atmospheric air and nitrogen and at pressures ranging from atmospheric down to 10 -5 Torr vacuum. Optical microscopy, surface topography, surface chemical analyses, 351-nm pumped photoemission maps, and photometry results have been used to characterize these samples. We report the occurrence of two potentially linked surface degradation phenomena: the development of increased photoemission and the development of unacceptable surface roughening in the region exposed to the beam in vacuum. We note no degradation for surfaces exposed in air or nitrogen at pressures exceeding 1 torr. Diamond-turned DKDP surfaces show a ubiquitous, low-intensity photoemission signature before exposure to any laser fluence. The observed reduction of this emission signal as a function of operating pressure and accumulated laser energy when crystals are exposed to 351-nm laser pulses in air can be correlated with the removal of surface carbon.

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KW - Surface roughening

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