Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences, denoted thyroid hormone response elements (TREs). The accepted paradigm for TRs proposes that they bind as homo- or heterodimers to TREs comprised of two AGGTCA half-site sequences. In the prototypic TRE, these half-sites are arranged as direct repeats separated by a four-base spacer. This dimeric model of TR binding, derived from analysis of artificial DNA sequences, fails to explain why many natural TREs contain more than two half-sites. Therefore, we investigated the ability of different TR isoforms to bind to TREs possessing three or more half-sites. We report that the TRβ isoforms (TRβ0, TRβ1, TRβ2), but not TRα1, can bind to reiterated DNA elements, such as the rat GH-TRE, as complexes trimeric or greater in size. The TRβ0 isoform, in particular, formed homo- and heterotrimers (with the retinoid X receptor) with high efficiency and cooperatively, and TRβ0 preferentially used reporters containing these reiterated elements to drive gene expression in vivo. Our data demonstrate that TRβ isoforms can form multimeric receptor complexes on appropriately reiterated DNA response elements, providing a functional distinction between the TR isoforms and an explanation for TREs possessing three or more half-sites.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 35-51 |
| Number of pages | 17 |
| Journal | Molecular Endocrinology |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 2005 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Molecular Biology
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Cite this
Novel mode of deoxyribonucleic acid recognition by thyroid hormone receptors : Thyroid hormone receptor β-isoforms can bind as trimers to natural response elements comprised of reiterated half-sites. / Mengeling, Brenda J.; Pan, Fan; Privalsky, Martin L.
In: Molecular Endocrinology, Vol. 19, No. 1, 01.2005, p. 35-51.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Novel mode of deoxyribonucleic acid recognition by thyroid hormone receptors
T2 - Thyroid hormone receptor β-isoforms can bind as trimers to natural response elements comprised of reiterated half-sites
AU - Mengeling, Brenda J.
AU - Pan, Fan
AU - Privalsky, Martin L.
PY - 2005/1
Y1 - 2005/1
N2 - Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences, denoted thyroid hormone response elements (TREs). The accepted paradigm for TRs proposes that they bind as homo- or heterodimers to TREs comprised of two AGGTCA half-site sequences. In the prototypic TRE, these half-sites are arranged as direct repeats separated by a four-base spacer. This dimeric model of TR binding, derived from analysis of artificial DNA sequences, fails to explain why many natural TREs contain more than two half-sites. Therefore, we investigated the ability of different TR isoforms to bind to TREs possessing three or more half-sites. We report that the TRβ isoforms (TRβ0, TRβ1, TRβ2), but not TRα1, can bind to reiterated DNA elements, such as the rat GH-TRE, as complexes trimeric or greater in size. The TRβ0 isoform, in particular, formed homo- and heterotrimers (with the retinoid X receptor) with high efficiency and cooperatively, and TRβ0 preferentially used reporters containing these reiterated elements to drive gene expression in vivo. Our data demonstrate that TRβ isoforms can form multimeric receptor complexes on appropriately reiterated DNA response elements, providing a functional distinction between the TR isoforms and an explanation for TREs possessing three or more half-sites.
AB - Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences, denoted thyroid hormone response elements (TREs). The accepted paradigm for TRs proposes that they bind as homo- or heterodimers to TREs comprised of two AGGTCA half-site sequences. In the prototypic TRE, these half-sites are arranged as direct repeats separated by a four-base spacer. This dimeric model of TR binding, derived from analysis of artificial DNA sequences, fails to explain why many natural TREs contain more than two half-sites. Therefore, we investigated the ability of different TR isoforms to bind to TREs possessing three or more half-sites. We report that the TRβ isoforms (TRβ0, TRβ1, TRβ2), but not TRα1, can bind to reiterated DNA elements, such as the rat GH-TRE, as complexes trimeric or greater in size. The TRβ0 isoform, in particular, formed homo- and heterotrimers (with the retinoid X receptor) with high efficiency and cooperatively, and TRβ0 preferentially used reporters containing these reiterated elements to drive gene expression in vivo. Our data demonstrate that TRβ isoforms can form multimeric receptor complexes on appropriately reiterated DNA response elements, providing a functional distinction between the TR isoforms and an explanation for TREs possessing three or more half-sites.
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U2 - 10.1210/me.2003-0289
DO - 10.1210/me.2003-0289
M3 - Article
VL - 19
SP - 35
EP - 51
JO - Molecular Endocrinology
JF - Molecular Endocrinology
SN - 0888-8809
IS - 1
ER -