Abstract
HIV is primarily transmitted across mucosal surfaces. Thus, a successful vaccine to prevent HIV transmission and infection requires induction of mucosal immune responses. The anti-simian immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus (SIV/HIV) antibodies are present in the vaginal secretions of infected individuals. IgG is the major isotype of anti-SIV/HIV antibodies in vaginal secretions. The induction of anti-HIV S-IgA-neutralizing anti-HIV envelope IgG and innate antiviral effector molecules at the sites of mucosal transmission-is considered the most effective strategy to prevent HIV infection by vaccination. There is a clear evidence of antiviral CD8+ T-cell effector function in mucosal tissues. A successful approach in eliciting anti-HIV CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in uninfected individuals is with the use of recombinant vaccinia virus vector containing HIV-1 env. Priming with recombinant vaccinia and boosting with envelope subunit protein induce both neutralizing antibodies and CTLs. Anti-SIV CTLs are present in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and vaginal epithelium of SIV-infected rhesus macaques, and anti-HIV CTLs are present in the GI tract and endocervix of HIV-infected patients.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Mucosal Immunology, Two-Volume Set |
Publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
Pages | 937-957 |
Number of pages | 21 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780124915435 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2005 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Microbiology(all)