Molecular biology of sarcomas: Update-the cell cycle paradigm

Purpose of review: The intent of this article is to review and update the critical aspects of the sarcoma molecular paradigm by evaluating the latest discoveries in cell cycle biology as they relate to sarcomagenesis. Recent findings: Oncogenes in the form of growth factor receptors, signal transducers, nuclear oncoproteins, antagonists of apoptosis, and antagonists of tumor suppressors all have effects in the formation of sarcomas. Mutations in tumor suppressors also have been implicated in a variety of mesenchymal neoplasms. Maintenance of genomic integrity is critical to the prevention of the genesis of any cancer. Numerous molecular signatures are being discovered in sarcoma biology, and their significance is discussed. Finally, the reader is advised to appreciate the mechanisms of signal transduction, cell-cell interaction and cytoskeletal genes to gain a sincere appreciation for the complexity of the molecular pathogenesis in sarcomas. Summary: Much has yet to be understood regarding the molecular mechanisms by which a sarcoma is born. Cornerstone to that understanding is a fundamental appreciation for the normal mammalian cell cycle and its aberrancies. Only then can we unlock the knowledge to understand sarcomagenesis and the oncologic process.