TY - JOUR
T1 - Metabolic and neurophysiologic sequelae of brain injury
T2 - A cholinergic hypothesis
AU - Hayes, R. L.
AU - Stonnington, H. H.
AU - Lyeth, Bruce G
AU - Dixon, C. E.
AU - Yamamoto, T.
PY - 1986
Y1 - 1986
N2 - This paper reviews a number of lines of evidence developed in our laboratories indicating that at least some components of neurologic disturbances following concussion may be attributable to increased functional activity of cholinergic systems located within specific brain regions. These lines of evidence include EEG studies indicating that disruption of the reticular activating system is not necessary for production of a reversible, flaccid, comatose state following low levels of concussion, systematic transection studies indicating that regions bounded by collicular and midpontine transections may contribute to at least motor components of the behavioral suppression associated with concussion, local rates of glucose utilization following fluid percussion injury increase in restricted areas bounded by collicular and midpontine transections; microinjection of carbachol (but not tetracaine) into these hypermetabolic regions produced behavioral suppression and electroencephalographic changes resembling those following concussion, systemic administration or microinjections of atropine, but not mecamylamine, antagonized the behavioral effects of carbachol, and data indicating that pharmacologic blockage of muscarinic cholinergic systems can attenuate neurologic deficits. Taken in conjunction with data from earlier clinical and laboratory studies, our research also indicates that anticholinergic therapy may potentially benefit head-injured patients.
AB - This paper reviews a number of lines of evidence developed in our laboratories indicating that at least some components of neurologic disturbances following concussion may be attributable to increased functional activity of cholinergic systems located within specific brain regions. These lines of evidence include EEG studies indicating that disruption of the reticular activating system is not necessary for production of a reversible, flaccid, comatose state following low levels of concussion, systematic transection studies indicating that regions bounded by collicular and midpontine transections may contribute to at least motor components of the behavioral suppression associated with concussion, local rates of glucose utilization following fluid percussion injury increase in restricted areas bounded by collicular and midpontine transections; microinjection of carbachol (but not tetracaine) into these hypermetabolic regions produced behavioral suppression and electroencephalographic changes resembling those following concussion, systemic administration or microinjections of atropine, but not mecamylamine, antagonized the behavioral effects of carbachol, and data indicating that pharmacologic blockage of muscarinic cholinergic systems can attenuate neurologic deficits. Taken in conjunction with data from earlier clinical and laboratory studies, our research also indicates that anticholinergic therapy may potentially benefit head-injured patients.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0022977105&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0022977105&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
C2 - 3533278
AN - SCOPUS:0022977105
VL - 3
SP - 163
EP - 173
JO - Central Nervous System Trauma
JF - Central Nervous System Trauma
SN - 0897-7151
IS - 2
ER -