Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that T<inf>H</inf>17 cells and their signature cytokine IL-17A are critical to host defense against various bacterial and fungal infections. The protective responses mediated by T<inf>H</inf>17 cells and IL- 17A include the recruitment of neutrophils, release of antimicrobial peptides and chemokines, and enhanced tight junction of epithelial cells. Due to the importance of T<inf>H</inf>17 cells in infections, efforts have been made to develop T<inf>H</inf>17-based vaccines. The goal of vaccination is to establish a protective immunological memory. Most currently approved vaccines are antibody-based and have limited protection against stereotypically different strains. Studies show that T-cell–based vaccines may overcome this limitation and protect hosts against infection of different strains. Two main strategies are used to develop T<inf>H</inf>17 vaccines: identification of T<inf>H</inf>17-specific antigens and T<inf>H</inf>17-skewing adjuvants. Studies have revealed that cholera toxin (CT) induces a potent T<inf>H</inf>17 response following vaccination. Antigen vaccination along with CT induces a robust T<inf>H</inf>17 response, which is sometimes accompanied by T<inf>H</inf>1 responses. Due to the toxicity of CT, it is hard to apply CT in a clinical setting. Thus, understanding how CT modulates T<inf>H</inf>17 responses may lead to the development of successful T<inf>H</inf>17-based vaccines.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 135-152 |
| Number of pages | 18 |
| Journal | Critical Reviews in Immunology |
| Volume | 35 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| State | Published - Jun 26 2015 |
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Keywords
- Dendritic cells
- Infection
- Interleukin-17
- T-cell differentiation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology
Cite this
Mechanisms of cholera toxin in the modulation of T<inf>H</inf>17 responses. / Tsai, Hsing Chuan; Wu, Reen.
In: Critical Reviews in Immunology, Vol. 35, No. 2, 26.06.2015, p. 135-152.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanisms of cholera toxin in the modulation of TH17 responses
AU - Tsai, Hsing Chuan
AU - Wu, Reen
PY - 2015/6/26
Y1 - 2015/6/26
N2 - Numerous studies have shown that TH17 cells and their signature cytokine IL-17A are critical to host defense against various bacterial and fungal infections. The protective responses mediated by TH17 cells and IL- 17A include the recruitment of neutrophils, release of antimicrobial peptides and chemokines, and enhanced tight junction of epithelial cells. Due to the importance of TH17 cells in infections, efforts have been made to develop TH17-based vaccines. The goal of vaccination is to establish a protective immunological memory. Most currently approved vaccines are antibody-based and have limited protection against stereotypically different strains. Studies show that T-cell–based vaccines may overcome this limitation and protect hosts against infection of different strains. Two main strategies are used to develop TH17 vaccines: identification of TH17-specific antigens and TH17-skewing adjuvants. Studies have revealed that cholera toxin (CT) induces a potent TH17 response following vaccination. Antigen vaccination along with CT induces a robust TH17 response, which is sometimes accompanied by TH1 responses. Due to the toxicity of CT, it is hard to apply CT in a clinical setting. Thus, understanding how CT modulates TH17 responses may lead to the development of successful TH17-based vaccines.
AB - Numerous studies have shown that TH17 cells and their signature cytokine IL-17A are critical to host defense against various bacterial and fungal infections. The protective responses mediated by TH17 cells and IL- 17A include the recruitment of neutrophils, release of antimicrobial peptides and chemokines, and enhanced tight junction of epithelial cells. Due to the importance of TH17 cells in infections, efforts have been made to develop TH17-based vaccines. The goal of vaccination is to establish a protective immunological memory. Most currently approved vaccines are antibody-based and have limited protection against stereotypically different strains. Studies show that T-cell–based vaccines may overcome this limitation and protect hosts against infection of different strains. Two main strategies are used to develop TH17 vaccines: identification of TH17-specific antigens and TH17-skewing adjuvants. Studies have revealed that cholera toxin (CT) induces a potent TH17 response following vaccination. Antigen vaccination along with CT induces a robust TH17 response, which is sometimes accompanied by TH1 responses. Due to the toxicity of CT, it is hard to apply CT in a clinical setting. Thus, understanding how CT modulates TH17 responses may lead to the development of successful TH17-based vaccines.
KW - Dendritic cells
KW - Infection
KW - Interleukin-17
KW - T-cell differentiation
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M3 - Article
VL - 35
SP - 135
EP - 152
JO - Critical Reviews in Immunology
JF - Critical Reviews in Immunology
SN - 1040-8401
IS - 2
ER -