TY - JOUR
T1 - Maternal cortisol and stress are associated with birth outcomes, but are not affected by lipid-based nutrient supplements during pregnancy
T2 - An analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi
AU - Stewart, Christine P.
AU - Oaks, Brietta M.
AU - Laugero, Kevin D.
AU - Ashorn, Ulla
AU - Harjunmaa, Ulla
AU - Kumwenda, Chiza
AU - Chaima, David
AU - Maleta, Kenneth
AU - Ashorn, Per
AU - Dewey, Kathryn G.
PY - 2015/12/22
Y1 - 2015/12/22
N2 - Background: Prenatal micronutrient supplements have been found to increase birth weight, but mechanisms for increased growth are poorly understood. Our hypotheses were that 1) women who receive lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) during pregnancy would have lower mean salivary cortisol concentration at 28 wk and 36 wk gestation compared to the multiple micronutrient (MMN) and iron-folic acid (IFA) supplement groups and 2) both salivary cortisol and perceived stress during pregnancy would be associated with shorter duration of gestation and smaller size at birth. Methods: Women were enrolled in the trial in early pregnancy and randomized to receive LNS, MMN, or iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements daily throughout pregnancy. At enrollment, 28 wk and 36 wk gestation, saliva samples were collected and their cortisol concentration was measured. Self-report of perceived stress was measured using questionnaires. Gestation duration was indicated by ultrasound dating and newborn anthropometric measurements (weight, length, head circumference) provided indicators of intrauterine growth. Results: Of the 1391 women enrolled in the trial, 1372, 906 and 1049 saliva samples were collected from women at baseline, 28 wk and 36 wk, respectively. There were no significant differences in mean cortisol concentrations by intervention group at 28 wk or 36 wk gestation. Cortisol concentrations were negatively associated with duration of gestation (Baseline: β = -0.05, p = 0.039; 36 wk: β = -0.04, p = 0.037) and birth weight (28 wk: β = -0.08, p = 0.035; 36 wk: β = -0.11, p = 0.003) but not associated with length-for-age or head circumference-for-age z-scores. Perceived stress at 36 wk was significantly associated with shorter newborn LAZ (p = 0.001). There were no significant associations with the risk of small for gestational age, preterm birth, or low birth weight. Conclusions: Maternal salivary cortisol concentration was strongly associated with birth weight and duration of gestation in rural Malawi, but these data do not support the hypothesis that LNS provision to pregnant women would influence their salivary cortisol concentrations. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01239693.
AB - Background: Prenatal micronutrient supplements have been found to increase birth weight, but mechanisms for increased growth are poorly understood. Our hypotheses were that 1) women who receive lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) during pregnancy would have lower mean salivary cortisol concentration at 28 wk and 36 wk gestation compared to the multiple micronutrient (MMN) and iron-folic acid (IFA) supplement groups and 2) both salivary cortisol and perceived stress during pregnancy would be associated with shorter duration of gestation and smaller size at birth. Methods: Women were enrolled in the trial in early pregnancy and randomized to receive LNS, MMN, or iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements daily throughout pregnancy. At enrollment, 28 wk and 36 wk gestation, saliva samples were collected and their cortisol concentration was measured. Self-report of perceived stress was measured using questionnaires. Gestation duration was indicated by ultrasound dating and newborn anthropometric measurements (weight, length, head circumference) provided indicators of intrauterine growth. Results: Of the 1391 women enrolled in the trial, 1372, 906 and 1049 saliva samples were collected from women at baseline, 28 wk and 36 wk, respectively. There were no significant differences in mean cortisol concentrations by intervention group at 28 wk or 36 wk gestation. Cortisol concentrations were negatively associated with duration of gestation (Baseline: β = -0.05, p = 0.039; 36 wk: β = -0.04, p = 0.037) and birth weight (28 wk: β = -0.08, p = 0.035; 36 wk: β = -0.11, p = 0.003) but not associated with length-for-age or head circumference-for-age z-scores. Perceived stress at 36 wk was significantly associated with shorter newborn LAZ (p = 0.001). There were no significant associations with the risk of small for gestational age, preterm birth, or low birth weight. Conclusions: Maternal salivary cortisol concentration was strongly associated with birth weight and duration of gestation in rural Malawi, but these data do not support the hypothesis that LNS provision to pregnant women would influence their salivary cortisol concentrations. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01239693.
KW - Birth weigh
KW - Cortisol
KW - Malawi
KW - Multiple micronutrient supplements
KW - Pregnancy
KW - Preterm birth
KW - Stress
KW - tLipid-based nutrient supplements
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84951841810&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84951841810&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12884-015-0793-8
DO - 10.1186/s12884-015-0793-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 26694646
AN - SCOPUS:84951841810
VL - 15
JO - BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
JF - BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
SN - 1471-2393
IS - 1
M1 - 346
ER -