Abstract
Recently, in the United States, a dairy bull was diagnosed as the second confirmed case of persistent testicular infection (PTI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The first objective of this study was to evaluate the testing methodologies currently used by the artificial insemination industry in order to improve the detection of bulls with PTI. This study evaluated the impact of multiple factors ([1] sample tested, [2] sample handling, [3] assay used, and [4] assay methodology) on the sensitivity of detection of BVDV. The second objective of this study was to evaluate the transmissibility of BVDV from the bull through casual or sexual contact. Results from this study indicate that straws of semen should be transported to the diagnostic laboratory in liquid nitrogen dry shippers. PCR proved to be a more sensitive assay than virus isolation; however, certain PCR protocols exhibited greater diagnostic sensitivity than others. Insemination with cryopreserved semen from this infected bull caused viral transmission to a seronegative heifer resulting in viremia and seroconversion. After 42 months of age, the bull appeared to clear the infection. In conclusion, this bull validates that natural exposure to a 1a strain of BVDV can result in a unique PTI causing contamination of semen with detectable infectious virus. Appropriate handling and testing of samples is necessary in order to detect bulls exhibiting PTI. Additionally, PTI with BVDV may potentially be cleared after an extended duration.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 246-257 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Veterinary Microbiology |
| Volume | 170 |
| Issue number | 3-4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2014 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Bovine viral diarrhea virus
- Bull
- Semen
- Testicular infection
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Microbiology
- veterinary(all)
Cite this
Laboratory diagnosis and transmissibility of bovine viral diarrhea virus from a bull with a persistent testicular infection. / Newcomer, Benjamin W.; Kurth, Kathy L.; Zhang, Yan; Brodersen, Bruce W.; Marley, M. Shonda; Joiner, Kellye S.; Zhang, Yijing; Galik, Patricia K.; Riddell, Kay P.; Givens, M. Daniel.
In: Veterinary Microbiology, Vol. 170, No. 3-4, 01.01.2014, p. 246-257.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Laboratory diagnosis and transmissibility of bovine viral diarrhea virus from a bull with a persistent testicular infection
AU - Newcomer, Benjamin W.
AU - Kurth, Kathy L.
AU - Zhang, Yan
AU - Brodersen, Bruce W.
AU - Marley, M. Shonda
AU - Joiner, Kellye S.
AU - Zhang, Yijing
AU - Galik, Patricia K.
AU - Riddell, Kay P.
AU - Givens, M. Daniel
PY - 2014/1/1
Y1 - 2014/1/1
N2 - Recently, in the United States, a dairy bull was diagnosed as the second confirmed case of persistent testicular infection (PTI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The first objective of this study was to evaluate the testing methodologies currently used by the artificial insemination industry in order to improve the detection of bulls with PTI. This study evaluated the impact of multiple factors ([1] sample tested, [2] sample handling, [3] assay used, and [4] assay methodology) on the sensitivity of detection of BVDV. The second objective of this study was to evaluate the transmissibility of BVDV from the bull through casual or sexual contact. Results from this study indicate that straws of semen should be transported to the diagnostic laboratory in liquid nitrogen dry shippers. PCR proved to be a more sensitive assay than virus isolation; however, certain PCR protocols exhibited greater diagnostic sensitivity than others. Insemination with cryopreserved semen from this infected bull caused viral transmission to a seronegative heifer resulting in viremia and seroconversion. After 42 months of age, the bull appeared to clear the infection. In conclusion, this bull validates that natural exposure to a 1a strain of BVDV can result in a unique PTI causing contamination of semen with detectable infectious virus. Appropriate handling and testing of samples is necessary in order to detect bulls exhibiting PTI. Additionally, PTI with BVDV may potentially be cleared after an extended duration.
AB - Recently, in the United States, a dairy bull was diagnosed as the second confirmed case of persistent testicular infection (PTI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The first objective of this study was to evaluate the testing methodologies currently used by the artificial insemination industry in order to improve the detection of bulls with PTI. This study evaluated the impact of multiple factors ([1] sample tested, [2] sample handling, [3] assay used, and [4] assay methodology) on the sensitivity of detection of BVDV. The second objective of this study was to evaluate the transmissibility of BVDV from the bull through casual or sexual contact. Results from this study indicate that straws of semen should be transported to the diagnostic laboratory in liquid nitrogen dry shippers. PCR proved to be a more sensitive assay than virus isolation; however, certain PCR protocols exhibited greater diagnostic sensitivity than others. Insemination with cryopreserved semen from this infected bull caused viral transmission to a seronegative heifer resulting in viremia and seroconversion. After 42 months of age, the bull appeared to clear the infection. In conclusion, this bull validates that natural exposure to a 1a strain of BVDV can result in a unique PTI causing contamination of semen with detectable infectious virus. Appropriate handling and testing of samples is necessary in order to detect bulls exhibiting PTI. Additionally, PTI with BVDV may potentially be cleared after an extended duration.
KW - Bovine viral diarrhea virus
KW - Bull
KW - Semen
KW - Testicular infection
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84898416791&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84898416791&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.028
DO - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.028
M3 - Article
C2 - 24656648
AN - SCOPUS:84898416791
VL - 170
SP - 246
EP - 257
JO - Veterinary Microbiology
JF - Veterinary Microbiology
SN - 0378-1135
IS - 3-4
ER -