Integrins in epithelial cell polarity: Using antibodies to analyze adhesive function and morphogenesis

Epithelial cells polarize in response to cell-substratum and cell-cell adhesive interactions. Contacts between cells and proteins of the extracellular matrix are mediated by integrin receptors. Of the 24 recognized integrin heterodimers, epithelial cells typically express four or more distinct integrins, with the exact complement dependent on the tissue of origin. Investigation of the roles of integrins in epithelial cell polarization has depended on the use of function-blocking antibodies both to determine ligand specificity of individual integrins and to disrupt and redirect normal morphogenesis. In this article we describe techniques for employing function-blocking anti-integrin antibodies in adhesion assays of the polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line and to demonstrate the involvement of β1 integrins in collagen-induced tubulocyst formation. These techniques can be easily expanded to other antibodies and epithelial cell lines to characterize specific functions of individual integrins in epithelial morphogenesis.