Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that a sub-population of quiescent cells exist within tumors which are resistant to conventional cytotoxic/anti-proliferative therapies. It is these CSCs which then seed tumor relapse, even in cases of apparent complete response to systemic therapy. Therefore, therapies, such as immunotherapy, which add a specific anti-CSC strategy to standard cytoreductive treatments may provide a promising new direction for future cancer therapies. CSCs are an attractive target for immune therapies since, unlike chemotherapy or radiotherapy, immune effector cells do not specifically require target cells to be proliferating in order to effectively kill them. Although recent advances have been made in the development of novel systemic and targeted therapies for advanced gastro-intestinal (GI) malignancies, there remains an unmet need for durable new therapies for these refractory malignancies. Novel immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CSCs are in pre-clinical and clinical development across the spectrum of the immune system, including strategies utilizing adaptive immune cell-based effectors, innate immune effectors, as well as vaccine approaches. Lastly, since important CSC functions are affected by the tumor microenvironment, targeting of both cellular (myeloid derived suppressor cells and tumorassociated macrophages) and sub-cellular (cytokines, chemokines, and PD1/PDL1) components of the tumor microenvironment is under investigation in the immune targeting of CSCs. These efforts are adding to the significant optimism about the potential utility of immunotherapy to overcome cancer resistance mechanisms and cure greater numbers of patients with advanced malignancy.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | S1-S10 |
| Journal | Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology |
| Volume | 7 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 1 2016 |
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Keywords
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)
- Cancer stem cells (CSCs)
- CD133
- CD24
- CD44
- EpCAM
- Immunotherapy
- Natural killer (NK) cells
- T cells
- Vaccines
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Gastroenterology
Cite this
Immune targeting of cancer stem cells in gastrointestinal oncology. / Canter, Robert J; Grossenbacher, Steven K.; Ames, Erik; Murphy, William J.
In: Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Vol. 7, 01.04.2016, p. S1-S10.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Immune targeting of cancer stem cells in gastrointestinal oncology
AU - Canter, Robert J
AU - Grossenbacher, Steven K.
AU - Ames, Erik
AU - Murphy, William J
PY - 2016/4/1
Y1 - 2016/4/1
N2 - The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that a sub-population of quiescent cells exist within tumors which are resistant to conventional cytotoxic/anti-proliferative therapies. It is these CSCs which then seed tumor relapse, even in cases of apparent complete response to systemic therapy. Therefore, therapies, such as immunotherapy, which add a specific anti-CSC strategy to standard cytoreductive treatments may provide a promising new direction for future cancer therapies. CSCs are an attractive target for immune therapies since, unlike chemotherapy or radiotherapy, immune effector cells do not specifically require target cells to be proliferating in order to effectively kill them. Although recent advances have been made in the development of novel systemic and targeted therapies for advanced gastro-intestinal (GI) malignancies, there remains an unmet need for durable new therapies for these refractory malignancies. Novel immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CSCs are in pre-clinical and clinical development across the spectrum of the immune system, including strategies utilizing adaptive immune cell-based effectors, innate immune effectors, as well as vaccine approaches. Lastly, since important CSC functions are affected by the tumor microenvironment, targeting of both cellular (myeloid derived suppressor cells and tumorassociated macrophages) and sub-cellular (cytokines, chemokines, and PD1/PDL1) components of the tumor microenvironment is under investigation in the immune targeting of CSCs. These efforts are adding to the significant optimism about the potential utility of immunotherapy to overcome cancer resistance mechanisms and cure greater numbers of patients with advanced malignancy.
AB - The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that a sub-population of quiescent cells exist within tumors which are resistant to conventional cytotoxic/anti-proliferative therapies. It is these CSCs which then seed tumor relapse, even in cases of apparent complete response to systemic therapy. Therefore, therapies, such as immunotherapy, which add a specific anti-CSC strategy to standard cytoreductive treatments may provide a promising new direction for future cancer therapies. CSCs are an attractive target for immune therapies since, unlike chemotherapy or radiotherapy, immune effector cells do not specifically require target cells to be proliferating in order to effectively kill them. Although recent advances have been made in the development of novel systemic and targeted therapies for advanced gastro-intestinal (GI) malignancies, there remains an unmet need for durable new therapies for these refractory malignancies. Novel immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CSCs are in pre-clinical and clinical development across the spectrum of the immune system, including strategies utilizing adaptive immune cell-based effectors, innate immune effectors, as well as vaccine approaches. Lastly, since important CSC functions are affected by the tumor microenvironment, targeting of both cellular (myeloid derived suppressor cells and tumorassociated macrophages) and sub-cellular (cytokines, chemokines, and PD1/PDL1) components of the tumor microenvironment is under investigation in the immune targeting of CSCs. These efforts are adding to the significant optimism about the potential utility of immunotherapy to overcome cancer resistance mechanisms and cure greater numbers of patients with advanced malignancy.
KW - Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)
KW - Cancer stem cells (CSCs)
KW - CD133
KW - CD24
KW - CD44
KW - EpCAM
KW - Immunotherapy
KW - Natural killer (NK) cells
KW - T cells
KW - Vaccines
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84995773059&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84995773059&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.066
DO - 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.066
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:84995773059
VL - 7
SP - S1-S10
JO - Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
JF - Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
SN - 2078-6891
ER -