Abstract
Increasing evidence points to a central role for immune dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several ASD risk genes encode components of the immune system and many maternal immune system-related risk factors - including autoimmunity, infection and fetal reactive antibodies - are associated with ASD. In addition, there is evidence of ongoing immune dysregulation in individuals with ASD and in animal models of this disorder. Recently, several molecular signalling pathways - including pathways downstream of cytokines, the receptor MET, major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, microglia and complement factors - have been identified that link immune activation to ASD phenotypes. Together, these findings indicate that the immune system is a point of convergence for multiple ASD-related genetic and environmental risk factors.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 469-486 |
| Number of pages | 18 |
| Journal | Nature Reviews Neuroscience |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue number | 8 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jul 20 2015 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Neuroscience(all)
Cite this
Immune mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues in autism spectrum disorder. / Estes, Myka L.; Usrey, A Kimberley.
In: Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol. 16, No. 8, 20.07.2015, p. 469-486.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Immune mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues in autism spectrum disorder
AU - Estes, Myka L.
AU - Usrey, A Kimberley
PY - 2015/7/20
Y1 - 2015/7/20
N2 - Increasing evidence points to a central role for immune dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several ASD risk genes encode components of the immune system and many maternal immune system-related risk factors - including autoimmunity, infection and fetal reactive antibodies - are associated with ASD. In addition, there is evidence of ongoing immune dysregulation in individuals with ASD and in animal models of this disorder. Recently, several molecular signalling pathways - including pathways downstream of cytokines, the receptor MET, major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, microglia and complement factors - have been identified that link immune activation to ASD phenotypes. Together, these findings indicate that the immune system is a point of convergence for multiple ASD-related genetic and environmental risk factors.
AB - Increasing evidence points to a central role for immune dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several ASD risk genes encode components of the immune system and many maternal immune system-related risk factors - including autoimmunity, infection and fetal reactive antibodies - are associated with ASD. In addition, there is evidence of ongoing immune dysregulation in individuals with ASD and in animal models of this disorder. Recently, several molecular signalling pathways - including pathways downstream of cytokines, the receptor MET, major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, microglia and complement factors - have been identified that link immune activation to ASD phenotypes. Together, these findings indicate that the immune system is a point of convergence for multiple ASD-related genetic and environmental risk factors.
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U2 - 10.1038/nrn3978
DO - 10.1038/nrn3978
M3 - Article
VL - 16
SP - 469
EP - 486
JO - Nature reviews. Neuroscience
JF - Nature reviews. Neuroscience
SN - 1471-003X
IS - 8
ER -