Host gene expression changes correlating with anti-HIV-1 effects in human subjects after treatment with peginterferon ALFA-2A

We investigated whether interferon-inducible genes (IFIGs) with known anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity in vitro were associated with in vivo virological response in HIV infection. Nine untreated HIV-1-infected volunteers were treated for 12 weeks with peginterferon alfa-2a. A subset of IFIGs (23 of 47) increased compared with baseline through 6 weeks beyond therapy, and 10 of the 23 IFIGs significantly inversely correlated (r =-0.7; P <. 05) with virological response. The strength of peginterferon alfa-2a-induced IFIG response significantly correlated with declines in HIV load during treatment (r ² = 0.87, p =. 003). This study links HIV virological response to a specific IFIG subset, a potential prognostic indicator in peginterferon alfa-2a-treated patients with HIV infection.