Abstract
Leptin induces weight loss in rodents via its effects on food intake and energy expenditure. High-fat diets induce weight gain, but the mechanism is not well understood. Previous studies have not found an effect of dietary fat content on fasting leptin. There is a nocturnal increase of leptin, however, which is related to insulin responses to meals. We have reported that adipocyte glucose utilization is involved in insulin-induced leptin secretion in vitro. Accordingly, high-fat, low-carbohydrate (HF/LC) meals, which induce smaller insulin and glucose responses, would produce lower leptin concentrations than low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) meals. Blood samples were collected every 30-60 min for 24 h from 19 normal-weight (BMI, 24.2 ± 0.7 kg/m2; percent body fat = 31 ± 1%) women on 2 days (10 days apart) during which the subjects were randomized to consume three isocaloric 730- kcal meals containing either 60/20 or 20/60% of energy as fat/carbohydrate. Overall insulin and glycemic responses (24-h area under the curve [AUC]) were reduced by 55 and 61%, respectively, on the HF/LC day (P < 0.0001). During LF/HC feeding, there were larger increases of leptin 4-6 h after breakfast (38 ± 7%, P < 0.001) and lunch (78 ± 14%, P < 0.001) than after HF/LC meals (both P < 0.02). During LF/HC feeding, leptin increased from a morning baseline of 10.7 ± 1.6 ng/ml to a nocturnal peak of 21.3 ± 1.3 ng/ml (change, 10.6 ± 1.3 ng/ml; percent change, 123 ± 16%;P < 0.0001). The amplitudes of the nocturnal rise of leptin and the 24-h leptin AUC were 21 ± 8% (P < 0.005) and 38 ± 12% (P < 0.0025) larger, respectively, on the LF/HC day. In summary, consumption of HF/LC meals results in lowered 24-h circulating leptin concentrations. This result may be a consequence of decreased adipocyte glucose metabolism. Decreases of 24-h circulating leptin could contribute to the weight gain during consumption of high-fat diets.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 334-341 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Diabetes |
| Volume | 48 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1999 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Internal Medicine
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Cite this
High-fat meals reduce 24-h circulating leptin concentrations in women. / Havel, Peter J; Townsend, Raymond; Chaump, Leslie; Teff, Karen.
In: Diabetes, Vol. 48, No. 2, 1999, p. 334-341.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - High-fat meals reduce 24-h circulating leptin concentrations in women
AU - Havel, Peter J
AU - Townsend, Raymond
AU - Chaump, Leslie
AU - Teff, Karen
PY - 1999
Y1 - 1999
N2 - Leptin induces weight loss in rodents via its effects on food intake and energy expenditure. High-fat diets induce weight gain, but the mechanism is not well understood. Previous studies have not found an effect of dietary fat content on fasting leptin. There is a nocturnal increase of leptin, however, which is related to insulin responses to meals. We have reported that adipocyte glucose utilization is involved in insulin-induced leptin secretion in vitro. Accordingly, high-fat, low-carbohydrate (HF/LC) meals, which induce smaller insulin and glucose responses, would produce lower leptin concentrations than low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) meals. Blood samples were collected every 30-60 min for 24 h from 19 normal-weight (BMI, 24.2 ± 0.7 kg/m2; percent body fat = 31 ± 1%) women on 2 days (10 days apart) during which the subjects were randomized to consume three isocaloric 730- kcal meals containing either 60/20 or 20/60% of energy as fat/carbohydrate. Overall insulin and glycemic responses (24-h area under the curve [AUC]) were reduced by 55 and 61%, respectively, on the HF/LC day (P < 0.0001). During LF/HC feeding, there were larger increases of leptin 4-6 h after breakfast (38 ± 7%, P < 0.001) and lunch (78 ± 14%, P < 0.001) than after HF/LC meals (both P < 0.02). During LF/HC feeding, leptin increased from a morning baseline of 10.7 ± 1.6 ng/ml to a nocturnal peak of 21.3 ± 1.3 ng/ml (change, 10.6 ± 1.3 ng/ml; percent change, 123 ± 16%;P < 0.0001). The amplitudes of the nocturnal rise of leptin and the 24-h leptin AUC were 21 ± 8% (P < 0.005) and 38 ± 12% (P < 0.0025) larger, respectively, on the LF/HC day. In summary, consumption of HF/LC meals results in lowered 24-h circulating leptin concentrations. This result may be a consequence of decreased adipocyte glucose metabolism. Decreases of 24-h circulating leptin could contribute to the weight gain during consumption of high-fat diets.
AB - Leptin induces weight loss in rodents via its effects on food intake and energy expenditure. High-fat diets induce weight gain, but the mechanism is not well understood. Previous studies have not found an effect of dietary fat content on fasting leptin. There is a nocturnal increase of leptin, however, which is related to insulin responses to meals. We have reported that adipocyte glucose utilization is involved in insulin-induced leptin secretion in vitro. Accordingly, high-fat, low-carbohydrate (HF/LC) meals, which induce smaller insulin and glucose responses, would produce lower leptin concentrations than low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) meals. Blood samples were collected every 30-60 min for 24 h from 19 normal-weight (BMI, 24.2 ± 0.7 kg/m2; percent body fat = 31 ± 1%) women on 2 days (10 days apart) during which the subjects were randomized to consume three isocaloric 730- kcal meals containing either 60/20 or 20/60% of energy as fat/carbohydrate. Overall insulin and glycemic responses (24-h area under the curve [AUC]) were reduced by 55 and 61%, respectively, on the HF/LC day (P < 0.0001). During LF/HC feeding, there were larger increases of leptin 4-6 h after breakfast (38 ± 7%, P < 0.001) and lunch (78 ± 14%, P < 0.001) than after HF/LC meals (both P < 0.02). During LF/HC feeding, leptin increased from a morning baseline of 10.7 ± 1.6 ng/ml to a nocturnal peak of 21.3 ± 1.3 ng/ml (change, 10.6 ± 1.3 ng/ml; percent change, 123 ± 16%;P < 0.0001). The amplitudes of the nocturnal rise of leptin and the 24-h leptin AUC were 21 ± 8% (P < 0.005) and 38 ± 12% (P < 0.0025) larger, respectively, on the LF/HC day. In summary, consumption of HF/LC meals results in lowered 24-h circulating leptin concentrations. This result may be a consequence of decreased adipocyte glucose metabolism. Decreases of 24-h circulating leptin could contribute to the weight gain during consumption of high-fat diets.
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U2 - 10.2337/diabetes.48.2.334
DO - 10.2337/diabetes.48.2.334
M3 - Article
VL - 48
SP - 334
EP - 341
JO - Diabetes
JF - Diabetes
SN - 0012-1797
IS - 2
ER -