Abstract
Herein we will review the role of glycans in the immune system. Specific topics covered include: the glycosylation sites of IgE, IgM, IgD, IgE, IgA, and IgG; how glycans can encode "self" identity byfunctioning as either danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or self-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs); the role of glycans as markers of protein integrity and age; how the glycocalyx can dictate the migration pattern of immune cells; and how the combination of Fc N-glycans and Ig isotype dictate the effector function of immunoglobulins. We speculate that the latter may be responsible for the well-documented association between alterations of the serum glycome and autoimmunity. Due to technological limitations, the extent of these autoimmune-associated glycan alterations and their role in disease pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we also review the current technologies available for glycan analysis, placing an emphasis on Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), a rapid high-throughput technology that has great potential for glycan biomarker research. Finally, we put forth The Altered Glycan Theory of Autoimmunity, which states that each autoimmune disease will have a unique glycan signature characterized by the site-specific relative abundances of individual glycan structures on immune cells and extracellular proteins, especially the site-specific glycosylation patterns of the different immunoglobulin(Ig) classes and subclasses.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1-13 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Journal of Autoimmunity |
| Volume | 57 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Feb 1 2015 |
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Keywords
- Autoimmunity
- Glycan
- Glycome
- Glycosylation
- Immunoglobulin
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology
- Immunology and Allergy
Cite this
Glycans in the immune system and The Altered Glycan Theory of Autoimmunity : A critical review. / Maverakis, Emanual Michael; Kim, Kyoungmi; Shimoda, Michiko; Gershwin, M. Eric; Patel, Forum; Wilken, Reason; Raychaudhuri, Siba P; Ruhaak, L. Renee; Lebrilla, Carlito B.
In: Journal of Autoimmunity, Vol. 57, 01.02.2015, p. 1-13.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Glycans in the immune system and The Altered Glycan Theory of Autoimmunity
T2 - A critical review
AU - Maverakis, Emanual Michael
AU - Kim, Kyoungmi
AU - Shimoda, Michiko
AU - Gershwin, M. Eric
AU - Patel, Forum
AU - Wilken, Reason
AU - Raychaudhuri, Siba P
AU - Ruhaak, L. Renee
AU - Lebrilla, Carlito B
PY - 2015/2/1
Y1 - 2015/2/1
N2 - Herein we will review the role of glycans in the immune system. Specific topics covered include: the glycosylation sites of IgE, IgM, IgD, IgE, IgA, and IgG; how glycans can encode "self" identity byfunctioning as either danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or self-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs); the role of glycans as markers of protein integrity and age; how the glycocalyx can dictate the migration pattern of immune cells; and how the combination of Fc N-glycans and Ig isotype dictate the effector function of immunoglobulins. We speculate that the latter may be responsible for the well-documented association between alterations of the serum glycome and autoimmunity. Due to technological limitations, the extent of these autoimmune-associated glycan alterations and their role in disease pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we also review the current technologies available for glycan analysis, placing an emphasis on Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), a rapid high-throughput technology that has great potential for glycan biomarker research. Finally, we put forth The Altered Glycan Theory of Autoimmunity, which states that each autoimmune disease will have a unique glycan signature characterized by the site-specific relative abundances of individual glycan structures on immune cells and extracellular proteins, especially the site-specific glycosylation patterns of the different immunoglobulin(Ig) classes and subclasses.
AB - Herein we will review the role of glycans in the immune system. Specific topics covered include: the glycosylation sites of IgE, IgM, IgD, IgE, IgA, and IgG; how glycans can encode "self" identity byfunctioning as either danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or self-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs); the role of glycans as markers of protein integrity and age; how the glycocalyx can dictate the migration pattern of immune cells; and how the combination of Fc N-glycans and Ig isotype dictate the effector function of immunoglobulins. We speculate that the latter may be responsible for the well-documented association between alterations of the serum glycome and autoimmunity. Due to technological limitations, the extent of these autoimmune-associated glycan alterations and their role in disease pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we also review the current technologies available for glycan analysis, placing an emphasis on Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), a rapid high-throughput technology that has great potential for glycan biomarker research. Finally, we put forth The Altered Glycan Theory of Autoimmunity, which states that each autoimmune disease will have a unique glycan signature characterized by the site-specific relative abundances of individual glycan structures on immune cells and extracellular proteins, especially the site-specific glycosylation patterns of the different immunoglobulin(Ig) classes and subclasses.
KW - Autoimmunity
KW - Glycan
KW - Glycome
KW - Glycosylation
KW - Immunoglobulin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84922887966&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84922887966&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.12.002
DO - 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.12.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 25578468
AN - SCOPUS:84922887966
VL - 57
SP - 1
EP - 13
JO - Journal of Autoimmunity
JF - Journal of Autoimmunity
SN - 0896-8411
ER -