Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anopheles stephensi is the key vector of malaria throughout the Indian subcontinent and Middle East and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito-parasite interactions. The type form of the species is responsible for the majority of urban malaria transmission across its range.
RESULTS: Here, we report the genome sequence and annotation of the Indian strain of the type form of An. stephensi. The 221 Mb genome assembly represents more than 92% of the entire genome and was produced using a combination of 454, Illumina, and PacBio sequencing. Physical mapping assigned 62% of the genome onto chromosomes, enabling chromosome-based analysis. Comparisons between An. stephensi and An. gambiae reveal that the rate of gene order reshuffling on the X chromosome was three times higher than that on the autosomes. An. stephensi has more heterochromatin in pericentric regions but less repetitive DNA in chromosome arms than An. gambiae. We also identify a number of Y-chromosome contigs and BACs. Interspersed repeats constitute 7.1% of the assembled genome while LTR retrotransposons alone comprise more than 49% of the Y contigs. RNA-seq analyses provide new insights into mosquito innate immunity, development, and sexual dimorphism.
CONCLUSIONS: The genome analysis described in this manuscript provides a resource and platform for fundamental and translational research into a major urban malaria vector. Chromosome-based investigations provide unique perspectives on Anopheles chromosome evolution. RNA-seq analysis and studies of immunity genes offer new insights into mosquito biology and mosquito-parasite interactions.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 459 |
| Number of pages | 1 |
| Journal | Genome Biology |
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2014 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
- Genetics
- Cell Biology
Cite this
Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi. / Jiang, Xiaofang; Peery, Ashley; Hall, A. Brantley; Sharma, Atashi; Chen, Xiao Guang; Waterhouse, Robert M.; Komissarov, Aleksey; Riehle, Michelle M.; Shouche, Yogesh; Sharakhova, Maria V.; Lawson, Dan; Pakpour, Nazzy; Arensburger, Peter; Davidson, Victoria L M; Eiglmeier, Karin; Emrich, Scott; George, Phillip; Kennedy, Ryan C.; Mane, Shrinivasrao P.; Maslen, Gareth; Oringanje, Chioma; Qi, Yumin; Settlage, Robert; Tojo, Marta; Tubio, Jose M C; Unger, Maria F.; Wang, Bo; Vernick, Kenneth D.; Ribeiro, Jose M C; James, Anthony A.; Michel, Kristin; Riehle, Michael A.; Luckhart, Shirley; Sharakhov, Igor V.; Tu, Zhijian.
In: Genome Biology, Vol. 15, No. 9, 2014, p. 459.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi
AU - Jiang, Xiaofang
AU - Peery, Ashley
AU - Hall, A. Brantley
AU - Sharma, Atashi
AU - Chen, Xiao Guang
AU - Waterhouse, Robert M.
AU - Komissarov, Aleksey
AU - Riehle, Michelle M.
AU - Shouche, Yogesh
AU - Sharakhova, Maria V.
AU - Lawson, Dan
AU - Pakpour, Nazzy
AU - Arensburger, Peter
AU - Davidson, Victoria L M
AU - Eiglmeier, Karin
AU - Emrich, Scott
AU - George, Phillip
AU - Kennedy, Ryan C.
AU - Mane, Shrinivasrao P.
AU - Maslen, Gareth
AU - Oringanje, Chioma
AU - Qi, Yumin
AU - Settlage, Robert
AU - Tojo, Marta
AU - Tubio, Jose M C
AU - Unger, Maria F.
AU - Wang, Bo
AU - Vernick, Kenneth D.
AU - Ribeiro, Jose M C
AU - James, Anthony A.
AU - Michel, Kristin
AU - Riehle, Michael A.
AU - Luckhart, Shirley
AU - Sharakhov, Igor V.
AU - Tu, Zhijian
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - BACKGROUND: Anopheles stephensi is the key vector of malaria throughout the Indian subcontinent and Middle East and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito-parasite interactions. The type form of the species is responsible for the majority of urban malaria transmission across its range.RESULTS: Here, we report the genome sequence and annotation of the Indian strain of the type form of An. stephensi. The 221 Mb genome assembly represents more than 92% of the entire genome and was produced using a combination of 454, Illumina, and PacBio sequencing. Physical mapping assigned 62% of the genome onto chromosomes, enabling chromosome-based analysis. Comparisons between An. stephensi and An. gambiae reveal that the rate of gene order reshuffling on the X chromosome was three times higher than that on the autosomes. An. stephensi has more heterochromatin in pericentric regions but less repetitive DNA in chromosome arms than An. gambiae. We also identify a number of Y-chromosome contigs and BACs. Interspersed repeats constitute 7.1% of the assembled genome while LTR retrotransposons alone comprise more than 49% of the Y contigs. RNA-seq analyses provide new insights into mosquito innate immunity, development, and sexual dimorphism.CONCLUSIONS: The genome analysis described in this manuscript provides a resource and platform for fundamental and translational research into a major urban malaria vector. Chromosome-based investigations provide unique perspectives on Anopheles chromosome evolution. RNA-seq analysis and studies of immunity genes offer new insights into mosquito biology and mosquito-parasite interactions.
AB - BACKGROUND: Anopheles stephensi is the key vector of malaria throughout the Indian subcontinent and Middle East and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito-parasite interactions. The type form of the species is responsible for the majority of urban malaria transmission across its range.RESULTS: Here, we report the genome sequence and annotation of the Indian strain of the type form of An. stephensi. The 221 Mb genome assembly represents more than 92% of the entire genome and was produced using a combination of 454, Illumina, and PacBio sequencing. Physical mapping assigned 62% of the genome onto chromosomes, enabling chromosome-based analysis. Comparisons between An. stephensi and An. gambiae reveal that the rate of gene order reshuffling on the X chromosome was three times higher than that on the autosomes. An. stephensi has more heterochromatin in pericentric regions but less repetitive DNA in chromosome arms than An. gambiae. We also identify a number of Y-chromosome contigs and BACs. Interspersed repeats constitute 7.1% of the assembled genome while LTR retrotransposons alone comprise more than 49% of the Y contigs. RNA-seq analyses provide new insights into mosquito innate immunity, development, and sexual dimorphism.CONCLUSIONS: The genome analysis described in this manuscript provides a resource and platform for fundamental and translational research into a major urban malaria vector. Chromosome-based investigations provide unique perspectives on Anopheles chromosome evolution. RNA-seq analysis and studies of immunity genes offer new insights into mosquito biology and mosquito-parasite interactions.
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U2 - 10.1186/s13059-014-0459-2
DO - 10.1186/s13059-014-0459-2
M3 - Article
VL - 15
SP - 459
JO - Genome Biology
JF - Genome Biology
SN - 1465-6914
IS - 9
ER -