TY - JOUR
T1 - Generation of memory B cells inside and outside germinal centers
AU - Takemori, Toshitada
AU - Kaji, Tomohiro
AU - Takahashi, Yoshimasa
AU - Shimoda, Michiko
AU - Rajewsky, Klaus
PY - 2014/1/1
Y1 - 2014/1/1
N2 - Germinal centers (GCs) are generally considered to be the sole site of memory B-cell generation. However, recent studies demonstrate that memory B cells can also develop in response to a T-cell dependent (TD) antigen before the onset, and independently of, the GC reaction. These two classes of memory cells persist equally over long periods of time and attain functional maturation through distinct but related transcriptional programs. Although the development of both memory B-cell types requires classical T-cell help, the generation of GC-dependent memory B cells requires TFH-cell help, while the generation of GC-independent memory cells does not. These findings led to the conclusion that B-cell memory is generated along two fundamentally distinct cellular differentiation pathways. In this review, we focus on the GC-independent pathway of memory B-cell development, and discuss how the unique features of memory B cells are maintained in the GC-independent pathway.
AB - Germinal centers (GCs) are generally considered to be the sole site of memory B-cell generation. However, recent studies demonstrate that memory B cells can also develop in response to a T-cell dependent (TD) antigen before the onset, and independently of, the GC reaction. These two classes of memory cells persist equally over long periods of time and attain functional maturation through distinct but related transcriptional programs. Although the development of both memory B-cell types requires classical T-cell help, the generation of GC-dependent memory B cells requires TFH-cell help, while the generation of GC-independent memory cells does not. These findings led to the conclusion that B-cell memory is generated along two fundamentally distinct cellular differentiation pathways. In this review, we focus on the GC-independent pathway of memory B-cell development, and discuss how the unique features of memory B cells are maintained in the GC-independent pathway.
KW - B cell development
KW - B cells
KW - Memory cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84899522492&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84899522492&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/eji.201343716
DO - 10.1002/eji.201343716
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24610726
AN - SCOPUS:84899522492
VL - 44
SP - 1258
EP - 1264
JO - European Journal of Immunology
JF - European Journal of Immunology
SN - 0014-2980
IS - 5
ER -