Abstract
Objective: To determine the force requirements, optimal vector, and appropriate materials of a novel eyelid sling device that will be used to rehabilitate eyelid closure (blink) in congenital or acquired permanent facial paralysis with an artificial muscle. Methods: The force required to close the eyelids in human cadavers (n = 6) were measured using a load cell system. The eyelid sling using either expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) or temporalis muscle fascia was implanted. The ideal vector of force and placement within the eyelid for a natural eyelid closure were compared. Results: The eyelid sling concept was successful at creating eyelid closure in a cadaver model using an upper eyelid sling attached to the distal tarsal plate. Less force was necessary to create eyelid closure using a temporalis muscle fascia sling (627 ± 128 mN) than for the ePTFE eyelid sling (1347±318 mN). Conclusions: The force and stroke required to close an eyelid with the eyelid sling are well within the attainable range of the electroactive polymer artificial muscle (EPAM). This may allow the creation of a realistic and functional eyelid blink that is symmetric and synchronous with the contralateral, normally functioning blink. Future aims include consideration of different sling materials and development of both the EPAM device and an articulation between the EPAM and sling. The biocompatibility and durability studies of EPAM in a gerbil model are under way. The successful application of artificial muscle technology to create an eyelid blink would be the first of many potential applications.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 30-36 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 2010 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Surgery
Cite this
Force requirements for artificial muscle to create an eyelid blink with eyelid sling. / Senders, Craig W; Tollefson, Travis Tate; Curtiss, Shane; Wong-Foy, AnnJoe; Prahlad, Harsha.
In: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, Vol. 12, No. 1, 01.2010, p. 30-36.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Force requirements for artificial muscle to create an eyelid blink with eyelid sling
AU - Senders, Craig W
AU - Tollefson, Travis Tate
AU - Curtiss, Shane
AU - Wong-Foy, AnnJoe
AU - Prahlad, Harsha
PY - 2010/1
Y1 - 2010/1
N2 - Objective: To determine the force requirements, optimal vector, and appropriate materials of a novel eyelid sling device that will be used to rehabilitate eyelid closure (blink) in congenital or acquired permanent facial paralysis with an artificial muscle. Methods: The force required to close the eyelids in human cadavers (n = 6) were measured using a load cell system. The eyelid sling using either expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) or temporalis muscle fascia was implanted. The ideal vector of force and placement within the eyelid for a natural eyelid closure were compared. Results: The eyelid sling concept was successful at creating eyelid closure in a cadaver model using an upper eyelid sling attached to the distal tarsal plate. Less force was necessary to create eyelid closure using a temporalis muscle fascia sling (627 ± 128 mN) than for the ePTFE eyelid sling (1347±318 mN). Conclusions: The force and stroke required to close an eyelid with the eyelid sling are well within the attainable range of the electroactive polymer artificial muscle (EPAM). This may allow the creation of a realistic and functional eyelid blink that is symmetric and synchronous with the contralateral, normally functioning blink. Future aims include consideration of different sling materials and development of both the EPAM device and an articulation between the EPAM and sling. The biocompatibility and durability studies of EPAM in a gerbil model are under way. The successful application of artificial muscle technology to create an eyelid blink would be the first of many potential applications.
AB - Objective: To determine the force requirements, optimal vector, and appropriate materials of a novel eyelid sling device that will be used to rehabilitate eyelid closure (blink) in congenital or acquired permanent facial paralysis with an artificial muscle. Methods: The force required to close the eyelids in human cadavers (n = 6) were measured using a load cell system. The eyelid sling using either expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) or temporalis muscle fascia was implanted. The ideal vector of force and placement within the eyelid for a natural eyelid closure were compared. Results: The eyelid sling concept was successful at creating eyelid closure in a cadaver model using an upper eyelid sling attached to the distal tarsal plate. Less force was necessary to create eyelid closure using a temporalis muscle fascia sling (627 ± 128 mN) than for the ePTFE eyelid sling (1347±318 mN). Conclusions: The force and stroke required to close an eyelid with the eyelid sling are well within the attainable range of the electroactive polymer artificial muscle (EPAM). This may allow the creation of a realistic and functional eyelid blink that is symmetric and synchronous with the contralateral, normally functioning blink. Future aims include consideration of different sling materials and development of both the EPAM device and an articulation between the EPAM and sling. The biocompatibility and durability studies of EPAM in a gerbil model are under way. The successful application of artificial muscle technology to create an eyelid blink would be the first of many potential applications.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=76749094558&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=76749094558&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1001/archfacial.2009.111
DO - 10.1001/archfacial.2009.111
M3 - Article
C2 - 20083738
AN - SCOPUS:76749094558
VL - 12
SP - 30
EP - 36
JO - JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery
JF - JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery
SN - 2168-6076
IS - 1
ER -