Abstract
The relaxation of fluorescence from diffraction-limited sources of photoactivatable green fluorescent protein (PAGFP) or sinks of photobleached enhanced GFP (EGFP) created by multiphoton photo-conversion was measured in solutions of varied viscosity (η), and in live, spherical Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Fluorescence relaxation was monitored with the probing laser fixed, or rapidly scanning along a line bisected by the photoconversion site. Novel solutions to several problems that hamper the study of PAGFP diffusion after multiphoton photoconversion are presented. A theoretical model of 3D diffusion in a sphere from a source in the shape of the measured multiphoton point-spread function was applied to the fluorescence data to estimate the apparent diffusion coefficient, Dap. The model incorporates two novel features that make it of broad utility. First, the model includes the no-flux boundary condition imposed by cell plasma membranes, allowing assessment of potential impact of this boundary on estimates of Dap. Second, the model uses an inhomogeneous source term that, for the first time, allows analysis of diffusion from sources produced by multiphoton photoconversion pulses of varying duration. For diffusion in aqueous solution, indistinguishable linear relationships between Dap and η-1 were obtained for the two proteins: for PAGFP, Daq = 89 ± 2.4 μm2 s-1 (mean ± 95% confidence interval), and for EGFP Daq = 91 ± 1.8 μm2 s-1. In CHO cells, the application of the model yielded Dap = 20 ± 3 μm2 s-1 (PAGFP) and 19 ± 2 μm2 s-1 (EGFP). Furthermore, the model quantitatively predicted the decline in baseline fluorescence that accompanied repeated photobleaching cycles in CHO cells expressing EGFP, supporting the hypothesis of fluorophore depletion as an alternative to the oft invoked 'bound fraction' explanation of the deviation of the terminal fluorescence recovery from its pre-bleach baseline level. Nonetheless for their identical diffusive properties, advantages of PAGFP over EGFP were found, including an intrinsically higher signal/noise ratio with 488-nm excitation, and the requirement for ∼1/200th the cumulative light energy to produce data of comparable signal/noise.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 49-71 |
| Number of pages | 23 |
| Journal | Journal of Microscopy |
| Volume | 225 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 2007 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Fluorescence imaging
- Multiphoton photoconversion
- Multiphoton point-spread function
- Signal/noise ratio in imaging
- Two-photon imaging
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Instrumentation
Cite this
Fluorescence relaxation in 3D from diffraction-limited sources of PAGFP or sinks of EGFP created by multiphoton photoconversion. / Calvert, P. D.; Peet, J. A.; Bragin, A.; Schiesser, W. E.; Pugh Jr, Edward N.
In: Journal of Microscopy, Vol. 225, No. 1, 01.2007, p. 49-71.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Fluorescence relaxation in 3D from diffraction-limited sources of PAGFP or sinks of EGFP created by multiphoton photoconversion
AU - Calvert, P. D.
AU - Peet, J. A.
AU - Bragin, A.
AU - Schiesser, W. E.
AU - Pugh Jr, Edward N
PY - 2007/1
Y1 - 2007/1
N2 - The relaxation of fluorescence from diffraction-limited sources of photoactivatable green fluorescent protein (PAGFP) or sinks of photobleached enhanced GFP (EGFP) created by multiphoton photo-conversion was measured in solutions of varied viscosity (η), and in live, spherical Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Fluorescence relaxation was monitored with the probing laser fixed, or rapidly scanning along a line bisected by the photoconversion site. Novel solutions to several problems that hamper the study of PAGFP diffusion after multiphoton photoconversion are presented. A theoretical model of 3D diffusion in a sphere from a source in the shape of the measured multiphoton point-spread function was applied to the fluorescence data to estimate the apparent diffusion coefficient, Dap. The model incorporates two novel features that make it of broad utility. First, the model includes the no-flux boundary condition imposed by cell plasma membranes, allowing assessment of potential impact of this boundary on estimates of Dap. Second, the model uses an inhomogeneous source term that, for the first time, allows analysis of diffusion from sources produced by multiphoton photoconversion pulses of varying duration. For diffusion in aqueous solution, indistinguishable linear relationships between Dap and η-1 were obtained for the two proteins: for PAGFP, Daq = 89 ± 2.4 μm2 s-1 (mean ± 95% confidence interval), and for EGFP Daq = 91 ± 1.8 μm2 s-1. In CHO cells, the application of the model yielded Dap = 20 ± 3 μm2 s-1 (PAGFP) and 19 ± 2 μm2 s-1 (EGFP). Furthermore, the model quantitatively predicted the decline in baseline fluorescence that accompanied repeated photobleaching cycles in CHO cells expressing EGFP, supporting the hypothesis of fluorophore depletion as an alternative to the oft invoked 'bound fraction' explanation of the deviation of the terminal fluorescence recovery from its pre-bleach baseline level. Nonetheless for their identical diffusive properties, advantages of PAGFP over EGFP were found, including an intrinsically higher signal/noise ratio with 488-nm excitation, and the requirement for ∼1/200th the cumulative light energy to produce data of comparable signal/noise.
AB - The relaxation of fluorescence from diffraction-limited sources of photoactivatable green fluorescent protein (PAGFP) or sinks of photobleached enhanced GFP (EGFP) created by multiphoton photo-conversion was measured in solutions of varied viscosity (η), and in live, spherical Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Fluorescence relaxation was monitored with the probing laser fixed, or rapidly scanning along a line bisected by the photoconversion site. Novel solutions to several problems that hamper the study of PAGFP diffusion after multiphoton photoconversion are presented. A theoretical model of 3D diffusion in a sphere from a source in the shape of the measured multiphoton point-spread function was applied to the fluorescence data to estimate the apparent diffusion coefficient, Dap. The model incorporates two novel features that make it of broad utility. First, the model includes the no-flux boundary condition imposed by cell plasma membranes, allowing assessment of potential impact of this boundary on estimates of Dap. Second, the model uses an inhomogeneous source term that, for the first time, allows analysis of diffusion from sources produced by multiphoton photoconversion pulses of varying duration. For diffusion in aqueous solution, indistinguishable linear relationships between Dap and η-1 were obtained for the two proteins: for PAGFP, Daq = 89 ± 2.4 μm2 s-1 (mean ± 95% confidence interval), and for EGFP Daq = 91 ± 1.8 μm2 s-1. In CHO cells, the application of the model yielded Dap = 20 ± 3 μm2 s-1 (PAGFP) and 19 ± 2 μm2 s-1 (EGFP). Furthermore, the model quantitatively predicted the decline in baseline fluorescence that accompanied repeated photobleaching cycles in CHO cells expressing EGFP, supporting the hypothesis of fluorophore depletion as an alternative to the oft invoked 'bound fraction' explanation of the deviation of the terminal fluorescence recovery from its pre-bleach baseline level. Nonetheless for their identical diffusive properties, advantages of PAGFP over EGFP were found, including an intrinsically higher signal/noise ratio with 488-nm excitation, and the requirement for ∼1/200th the cumulative light energy to produce data of comparable signal/noise.
KW - Fluorescence imaging
KW - Multiphoton photoconversion
KW - Multiphoton point-spread function
KW - Signal/noise ratio in imaging
KW - Two-photon imaging
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33846822903&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33846822903&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01715.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01715.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 17286695
AN - SCOPUS:33846822903
VL - 225
SP - 49
EP - 71
JO - Journal of Microscopy
JF - Journal of Microscopy
SN - 0022-2720
IS - 1
ER -