Abstract
The effects of stretching techniques on the flexibility of the shoulder, trunk and hamstring muscles were compared in college men. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: control (n = 10), ballistic (n = 11), static (n = 10), or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) (n = 12). Baseline measurements (Leighton flexometer) were obtained on 2 separate days prior to and following a 3-day per week, 6-week flexibility training program. A 4x3 (subject group x muscle group) unweighted mean factorial analysis of variance for the difference scores (post minue pre) revealed significant (p<0.05) main effects for the 4 subject groups and the 3 muscle groups. Post hoc analysis showed that only the PNF group had flexibility increases (10.6 degrees) greater than the control (3.4 degrees), and that the hamstrings (9.4 degree increase) improved more than the trunk (5.2 degree increase). Furthermore, reliability was generally higher for the post-training scores, and the variability between days was lower for the post-training scores of the shoulder and hamstrings (p<0.05). The significant (p<0.05) between-day changes in flexibility pre-training confirm the importance of establishing baseline data prior to any training study. The findings indicate that PNF may be the preferred technique for improving flexibility, and that flexibility training results in an increased consistency of flexibility scores.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 261-263 |
| Number of pages | 3 |
| Journal | Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation |
| Volume | 63 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| State | Published - 1982 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Rehabilitation
Cite this
Flexibility training : Ballistic, static or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation? / Sady, S. P.; Wortman, M.; Blanke, D.
In: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 63, No. 6, 1982, p. 261-263.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Flexibility training
T2 - Ballistic, static or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation?
AU - Sady, S. P.
AU - Wortman, M.
AU - Blanke, D.
PY - 1982
Y1 - 1982
N2 - The effects of stretching techniques on the flexibility of the shoulder, trunk and hamstring muscles were compared in college men. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: control (n = 10), ballistic (n = 11), static (n = 10), or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) (n = 12). Baseline measurements (Leighton flexometer) were obtained on 2 separate days prior to and following a 3-day per week, 6-week flexibility training program. A 4x3 (subject group x muscle group) unweighted mean factorial analysis of variance for the difference scores (post minue pre) revealed significant (p<0.05) main effects for the 4 subject groups and the 3 muscle groups. Post hoc analysis showed that only the PNF group had flexibility increases (10.6 degrees) greater than the control (3.4 degrees), and that the hamstrings (9.4 degree increase) improved more than the trunk (5.2 degree increase). Furthermore, reliability was generally higher for the post-training scores, and the variability between days was lower for the post-training scores of the shoulder and hamstrings (p<0.05). The significant (p<0.05) between-day changes in flexibility pre-training confirm the importance of establishing baseline data prior to any training study. The findings indicate that PNF may be the preferred technique for improving flexibility, and that flexibility training results in an increased consistency of flexibility scores.
AB - The effects of stretching techniques on the flexibility of the shoulder, trunk and hamstring muscles were compared in college men. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: control (n = 10), ballistic (n = 11), static (n = 10), or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) (n = 12). Baseline measurements (Leighton flexometer) were obtained on 2 separate days prior to and following a 3-day per week, 6-week flexibility training program. A 4x3 (subject group x muscle group) unweighted mean factorial analysis of variance for the difference scores (post minue pre) revealed significant (p<0.05) main effects for the 4 subject groups and the 3 muscle groups. Post hoc analysis showed that only the PNF group had flexibility increases (10.6 degrees) greater than the control (3.4 degrees), and that the hamstrings (9.4 degree increase) improved more than the trunk (5.2 degree increase). Furthermore, reliability was generally higher for the post-training scores, and the variability between days was lower for the post-training scores of the shoulder and hamstrings (p<0.05). The significant (p<0.05) between-day changes in flexibility pre-training confirm the importance of establishing baseline data prior to any training study. The findings indicate that PNF may be the preferred technique for improving flexibility, and that flexibility training results in an increased consistency of flexibility scores.
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0019963701&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
C2 - 7082151
AN - SCOPUS:0019963701
VL - 63
SP - 261
EP - 263
JO - Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
JF - Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
SN - 0003-9993
IS - 6
ER -