Abstract
Background We prospectively followed an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 140) and a matched comparison sample (n = 88) from childhood through young adulthood to evaluate developmental trajectories of executive functions (EF) and associations between EF trajectories and dimensional measures of ADHD symptoms. We hypothesized that (a) EF trajectories would be similar in girls both with and without childhood ADHD, with the ADHD group showing greater impairment across time; and (b) changes in EF abilities would predict changes in ADHD symptoms across time, consistent with the theory that ADHD symptom reductions partially result from prefrontally mediated EF development. Method Latent growth curve models were used to evaluate development of sustained attention, response inhibition, working memory, and global EF abilities, and associations between EF trajectories and ADHD symptom trajectories. Results Girls with childhood-diagnosed ADHD showed greater improvement across development on measures of sustained attention and global EF, but similar rates of improvement on measures of working memory and response inhibition. Changes in the global EF measure predicted changes in both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms across time, whereas changes in response inhibition predicted changes in hyperactive-impulsive symptoms; associations between changes in other EF variables and symptoms were not significant. Conclusions Findings suggest variability in patterns of EF improvement over time in females with ADHD histories and indicate that EF development may play a role in symptom change.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1005-1015 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines |
| Volume | 54 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Sep 1 2013 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- development
- executive functions
- females
- longitudinal
- symptoms
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
- Developmental and Educational Psychology
- Psychiatry and Mental health
Cite this
Executive functions in girls with and without childhood ADHD : Developmental trajectories and associations with symptom change. / Miller, Meghan; Loya, Fred; Hinshaw, Stephen P.
In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, Vol. 54, No. 9, 01.09.2013, p. 1005-1015.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Executive functions in girls with and without childhood ADHD
T2 - Developmental trajectories and associations with symptom change
AU - Miller, Meghan
AU - Loya, Fred
AU - Hinshaw, Stephen P.
PY - 2013/9/1
Y1 - 2013/9/1
N2 - Background We prospectively followed an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 140) and a matched comparison sample (n = 88) from childhood through young adulthood to evaluate developmental trajectories of executive functions (EF) and associations between EF trajectories and dimensional measures of ADHD symptoms. We hypothesized that (a) EF trajectories would be similar in girls both with and without childhood ADHD, with the ADHD group showing greater impairment across time; and (b) changes in EF abilities would predict changes in ADHD symptoms across time, consistent with the theory that ADHD symptom reductions partially result from prefrontally mediated EF development. Method Latent growth curve models were used to evaluate development of sustained attention, response inhibition, working memory, and global EF abilities, and associations between EF trajectories and ADHD symptom trajectories. Results Girls with childhood-diagnosed ADHD showed greater improvement across development on measures of sustained attention and global EF, but similar rates of improvement on measures of working memory and response inhibition. Changes in the global EF measure predicted changes in both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms across time, whereas changes in response inhibition predicted changes in hyperactive-impulsive symptoms; associations between changes in other EF variables and symptoms were not significant. Conclusions Findings suggest variability in patterns of EF improvement over time in females with ADHD histories and indicate that EF development may play a role in symptom change.
AB - Background We prospectively followed an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 140) and a matched comparison sample (n = 88) from childhood through young adulthood to evaluate developmental trajectories of executive functions (EF) and associations between EF trajectories and dimensional measures of ADHD symptoms. We hypothesized that (a) EF trajectories would be similar in girls both with and without childhood ADHD, with the ADHD group showing greater impairment across time; and (b) changes in EF abilities would predict changes in ADHD symptoms across time, consistent with the theory that ADHD symptom reductions partially result from prefrontally mediated EF development. Method Latent growth curve models were used to evaluate development of sustained attention, response inhibition, working memory, and global EF abilities, and associations between EF trajectories and ADHD symptom trajectories. Results Girls with childhood-diagnosed ADHD showed greater improvement across development on measures of sustained attention and global EF, but similar rates of improvement on measures of working memory and response inhibition. Changes in the global EF measure predicted changes in both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms across time, whereas changes in response inhibition predicted changes in hyperactive-impulsive symptoms; associations between changes in other EF variables and symptoms were not significant. Conclusions Findings suggest variability in patterns of EF improvement over time in females with ADHD histories and indicate that EF development may play a role in symptom change.
KW - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
KW - development
KW - executive functions
KW - females
KW - longitudinal
KW - symptoms
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84882578929&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84882578929&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/jcpp.12074
DO - 10.1111/jcpp.12074
M3 - Article
VL - 54
SP - 1005
EP - 1015
JO - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
JF - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
SN - 0021-9630
IS - 9
ER -