Abstract
An important mechanism regulating protein synthesis involves phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2α). In response to a range of environmental and physiological stresses, phosphorylation of eIF2α prevents this initiation factor from appropriately delivering initiator methionyl tRNA to the translation machinery. As a consequence there is lowered translation, which helps cells conserve energy and resources and better adapt to the underlying stress. During evolution, new eIF2α kinases arose by adjoining new combinations of stress-sensing regions to the kinase catalytic domain, culminating in their activation in response to different sets of stress conditions. The physiological traits of the organism and the nature of the environmental stress, along with the activating properties of each eIF2α kinase, help determine the nature and number of eIF2α kinases expressed in a given organism. This review will highlight current perspectives on the phylogenetic relationships between eIF2α kinases, the central structural and functional roles of their regulatory domains in the mechanisms regulating translational control, and how these eIF2α kinase family members evolved for optimal organism adaptation to stress.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Evolution of the Protein Synthesis Machinery and Its Regulation |
| Publisher | Springer International Publishing |
| Pages | 235-260 |
| Number of pages | 26 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9783319394688 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9783319394671 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2016 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
Cite this
Evolution of eIF2α kinases : Adapting translational control to diverse stresses. / Rothenburg, Stefan; Georgiadis, Millie M.; Wek, Ronald C.
Evolution of the Protein Synthesis Machinery and Its Regulation. Springer International Publishing, 2016. p. 235-260.Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter
}
TY - CHAP
T1 - Evolution of eIF2α kinases
T2 - Adapting translational control to diverse stresses
AU - Rothenburg, Stefan
AU - Georgiadis, Millie M.
AU - Wek, Ronald C.
PY - 2016/1/1
Y1 - 2016/1/1
N2 - An important mechanism regulating protein synthesis involves phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2α). In response to a range of environmental and physiological stresses, phosphorylation of eIF2α prevents this initiation factor from appropriately delivering initiator methionyl tRNA to the translation machinery. As a consequence there is lowered translation, which helps cells conserve energy and resources and better adapt to the underlying stress. During evolution, new eIF2α kinases arose by adjoining new combinations of stress-sensing regions to the kinase catalytic domain, culminating in their activation in response to different sets of stress conditions. The physiological traits of the organism and the nature of the environmental stress, along with the activating properties of each eIF2α kinase, help determine the nature and number of eIF2α kinases expressed in a given organism. This review will highlight current perspectives on the phylogenetic relationships between eIF2α kinases, the central structural and functional roles of their regulatory domains in the mechanisms regulating translational control, and how these eIF2α kinase family members evolved for optimal organism adaptation to stress.
AB - An important mechanism regulating protein synthesis involves phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2α). In response to a range of environmental and physiological stresses, phosphorylation of eIF2α prevents this initiation factor from appropriately delivering initiator methionyl tRNA to the translation machinery. As a consequence there is lowered translation, which helps cells conserve energy and resources and better adapt to the underlying stress. During evolution, new eIF2α kinases arose by adjoining new combinations of stress-sensing regions to the kinase catalytic domain, culminating in their activation in response to different sets of stress conditions. The physiological traits of the organism and the nature of the environmental stress, along with the activating properties of each eIF2α kinase, help determine the nature and number of eIF2α kinases expressed in a given organism. This review will highlight current perspectives on the phylogenetic relationships between eIF2α kinases, the central structural and functional roles of their regulatory domains in the mechanisms regulating translational control, and how these eIF2α kinase family members evolved for optimal organism adaptation to stress.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85006711824&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85006711824&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-319-39468-8_11
DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-39468-8_11
M3 - Chapter
SN - 9783319394671
SP - 235
EP - 260
BT - Evolution of the Protein Synthesis Machinery and Its Regulation
PB - Springer International Publishing
ER -