Abstract
Background: High dietary phosphorus (P) and low calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (Ca:P) are associated with kidney damage in cats. There are no established guidelines for dietary P maximum for cats. Objectives: To quantify crude protein, P, Ca, and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in cat foods and compare among food formats (dry, canned, raw), primary protein ingredients, protein concentrations (low, moderate, high), grain-free versus grain-containing foods, foods intended for adult maintenance versus all life stages, and cost. Samples: Eighty-two commercial nonprescription cat foods. Methods: Descriptive study. Mineral concentrations were measured using inductively coupled argon plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Crude protein was measured using the Dumas nitrogen combustion method. Mineral and crude protein concentrations were compared among food categories. Results: Twenty-seven foods contained ≥3.6 g P/1000 kcal metabolizable energy (ME), of which 7 exceeded 4.8 g/1000 kcal ME. Thirteen foods had low Ca:P ratio (≤1.0). The low-protein diet group had no products ≥3.6 g P/1000 kcal ME, which was significantly different compared to the high-protein diet group (52% of products had ≥3.6 g P/1000 kcal ME; P =.01). No significant differences in P content and Ca:P ratio were found among other diet categories. Canned foods had significantly lower Mg compared to dry (P <.001) and raw (P =.007) foods. Declared minimum P and Ca were significantly lower than analyzed concentrations (P =.0005 and P =.003, respectively). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The high number of foods with high P and low Ca suggest that pet food regulatory reform should be considered.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 266-273 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| Volume | 34 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2020 |
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Keywords
- adult
- calcium
- commercial
- diets
- feline
- foods
- phosphorus
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- veterinary(all)
Cite this
Evaluation of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium content in commercially available foods formulated for healthy cats. / Summers, Stacie C.; Stockman, Jonathan; Larsen, Jennifer A.; Zhang, Lei; Rodriguez, Anais Sanchez.
In: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Vol. 34, No. 1, 01.01.2020, p. 266-273.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium content in commercially available foods formulated for healthy cats
AU - Summers, Stacie C.
AU - Stockman, Jonathan
AU - Larsen, Jennifer A.
AU - Zhang, Lei
AU - Rodriguez, Anais Sanchez
PY - 2020/1/1
Y1 - 2020/1/1
N2 - Background: High dietary phosphorus (P) and low calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (Ca:P) are associated with kidney damage in cats. There are no established guidelines for dietary P maximum for cats. Objectives: To quantify crude protein, P, Ca, and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in cat foods and compare among food formats (dry, canned, raw), primary protein ingredients, protein concentrations (low, moderate, high), grain-free versus grain-containing foods, foods intended for adult maintenance versus all life stages, and cost. Samples: Eighty-two commercial nonprescription cat foods. Methods: Descriptive study. Mineral concentrations were measured using inductively coupled argon plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Crude protein was measured using the Dumas nitrogen combustion method. Mineral and crude protein concentrations were compared among food categories. Results: Twenty-seven foods contained ≥3.6 g P/1000 kcal metabolizable energy (ME), of which 7 exceeded 4.8 g/1000 kcal ME. Thirteen foods had low Ca:P ratio (≤1.0). The low-protein diet group had no products ≥3.6 g P/1000 kcal ME, which was significantly different compared to the high-protein diet group (52% of products had ≥3.6 g P/1000 kcal ME; P =.01). No significant differences in P content and Ca:P ratio were found among other diet categories. Canned foods had significantly lower Mg compared to dry (P <.001) and raw (P =.007) foods. Declared minimum P and Ca were significantly lower than analyzed concentrations (P =.0005 and P =.003, respectively). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The high number of foods with high P and low Ca suggest that pet food regulatory reform should be considered.
AB - Background: High dietary phosphorus (P) and low calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (Ca:P) are associated with kidney damage in cats. There are no established guidelines for dietary P maximum for cats. Objectives: To quantify crude protein, P, Ca, and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in cat foods and compare among food formats (dry, canned, raw), primary protein ingredients, protein concentrations (low, moderate, high), grain-free versus grain-containing foods, foods intended for adult maintenance versus all life stages, and cost. Samples: Eighty-two commercial nonprescription cat foods. Methods: Descriptive study. Mineral concentrations were measured using inductively coupled argon plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Crude protein was measured using the Dumas nitrogen combustion method. Mineral and crude protein concentrations were compared among food categories. Results: Twenty-seven foods contained ≥3.6 g P/1000 kcal metabolizable energy (ME), of which 7 exceeded 4.8 g/1000 kcal ME. Thirteen foods had low Ca:P ratio (≤1.0). The low-protein diet group had no products ≥3.6 g P/1000 kcal ME, which was significantly different compared to the high-protein diet group (52% of products had ≥3.6 g P/1000 kcal ME; P =.01). No significant differences in P content and Ca:P ratio were found among other diet categories. Canned foods had significantly lower Mg compared to dry (P <.001) and raw (P =.007) foods. Declared minimum P and Ca were significantly lower than analyzed concentrations (P =.0005 and P =.003, respectively). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The high number of foods with high P and low Ca suggest that pet food regulatory reform should be considered.
KW - adult
KW - calcium
KW - commercial
KW - diets
KW - feline
KW - foods
KW - phosphorus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85077859750&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85077859750&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/jvim.15689
DO - 10.1111/jvim.15689
M3 - Article
C2 - 31883277
AN - SCOPUS:85077859750
VL - 34
SP - 266
EP - 273
JO - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
JF - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
SN - 0891-6640
IS - 1
ER -