Abstract
Background: Before 2004, advanced renal cell cancer (RCC) therapy consisted primarily of cytokines such as interferon and/or interleukin-2. Subsequently, randomized trials of targeted therapies have shown a survival benefit, leading to the approval of several new agents since 2004. Whether the survival benefit seen in highly selected patients accrued to these trials has already translated to the general RCC patient population is unclear. To explore this, a large RCC patient registry was evaluated for changes in outcome between the cytokine (1998-2003) and post-cytokine (2004-2007) eras. Methods: Data from the California Cancer Registry (CCR), a population-based cancer surveillance system, was used to retrospectively analyze 28,252 patients with RCC diagnosed between 1998 and 2007. Inter-era differences in clinical variables - including year of diagnosis, histologic characteristics, age, sex, race, stage, nephrectomy status, overall survival (OS), and cause-specific survival (CSS) - were assessed. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used. Results: Crude 3-year OS (68.2% vs. 74.6%; 2P <.001) and CSS (78.1% vs. 82.3%; 2P <.001) were significantly higher in the post-cytokine era. In multivariate analysis, the 3 strongest predictors for improved survival were localized disease (hazard ratio [HR], 18.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.6-19.6), nephrectomy (HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.68-3.08), and clear cell histologic type (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.22-1.44). Conclusions: In this analysis of a large RCC registry, there was an apparent increase in crude OS and CSS in the post-cytokine era compared with the cytokine era. Insufficient follow-up time in the post-cytokine era and a higher proportion of localized disease in that era confound the possibility of benefit derived from targeted therapies. Longer follow-up for patients treated in the post-cytokine era is necessary for a more robust comparison of long-term OS.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 93-98 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Clinical Genitourinary Cancer |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 2012 |
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Keywords
- Cytokines
- Distant disease
- Regional disease
- Renal cell cancer
- Targeted agents
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Urology
Cite this
Epidemiologic trends in renal cell carcinoma in the cytokine and post-cytokine eras : A registry analysis of 28,252 patients. / Shek, Derek; Tomlinson, Benjamin; Brown, Monica; Brunson, Ann; Pan, Chong-Xian; Lara, Primo N.
In: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, Vol. 10, No. 2, 06.2012, p. 93-98.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Epidemiologic trends in renal cell carcinoma in the cytokine and post-cytokine eras
T2 - A registry analysis of 28,252 patients
AU - Shek, Derek
AU - Tomlinson, Benjamin
AU - Brown, Monica
AU - Brunson, Ann
AU - Pan, Chong-Xian
AU - Lara, Primo N
PY - 2012/6
Y1 - 2012/6
N2 - Background: Before 2004, advanced renal cell cancer (RCC) therapy consisted primarily of cytokines such as interferon and/or interleukin-2. Subsequently, randomized trials of targeted therapies have shown a survival benefit, leading to the approval of several new agents since 2004. Whether the survival benefit seen in highly selected patients accrued to these trials has already translated to the general RCC patient population is unclear. To explore this, a large RCC patient registry was evaluated for changes in outcome between the cytokine (1998-2003) and post-cytokine (2004-2007) eras. Methods: Data from the California Cancer Registry (CCR), a population-based cancer surveillance system, was used to retrospectively analyze 28,252 patients with RCC diagnosed between 1998 and 2007. Inter-era differences in clinical variables - including year of diagnosis, histologic characteristics, age, sex, race, stage, nephrectomy status, overall survival (OS), and cause-specific survival (CSS) - were assessed. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used. Results: Crude 3-year OS (68.2% vs. 74.6%; 2P <.001) and CSS (78.1% vs. 82.3%; 2P <.001) were significantly higher in the post-cytokine era. In multivariate analysis, the 3 strongest predictors for improved survival were localized disease (hazard ratio [HR], 18.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.6-19.6), nephrectomy (HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.68-3.08), and clear cell histologic type (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.22-1.44). Conclusions: In this analysis of a large RCC registry, there was an apparent increase in crude OS and CSS in the post-cytokine era compared with the cytokine era. Insufficient follow-up time in the post-cytokine era and a higher proportion of localized disease in that era confound the possibility of benefit derived from targeted therapies. Longer follow-up for patients treated in the post-cytokine era is necessary for a more robust comparison of long-term OS.
AB - Background: Before 2004, advanced renal cell cancer (RCC) therapy consisted primarily of cytokines such as interferon and/or interleukin-2. Subsequently, randomized trials of targeted therapies have shown a survival benefit, leading to the approval of several new agents since 2004. Whether the survival benefit seen in highly selected patients accrued to these trials has already translated to the general RCC patient population is unclear. To explore this, a large RCC patient registry was evaluated for changes in outcome between the cytokine (1998-2003) and post-cytokine (2004-2007) eras. Methods: Data from the California Cancer Registry (CCR), a population-based cancer surveillance system, was used to retrospectively analyze 28,252 patients with RCC diagnosed between 1998 and 2007. Inter-era differences in clinical variables - including year of diagnosis, histologic characteristics, age, sex, race, stage, nephrectomy status, overall survival (OS), and cause-specific survival (CSS) - were assessed. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used. Results: Crude 3-year OS (68.2% vs. 74.6%; 2P <.001) and CSS (78.1% vs. 82.3%; 2P <.001) were significantly higher in the post-cytokine era. In multivariate analysis, the 3 strongest predictors for improved survival were localized disease (hazard ratio [HR], 18.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.6-19.6), nephrectomy (HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.68-3.08), and clear cell histologic type (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.22-1.44). Conclusions: In this analysis of a large RCC registry, there was an apparent increase in crude OS and CSS in the post-cytokine era compared with the cytokine era. Insufficient follow-up time in the post-cytokine era and a higher proportion of localized disease in that era confound the possibility of benefit derived from targeted therapies. Longer follow-up for patients treated in the post-cytokine era is necessary for a more robust comparison of long-term OS.
KW - Cytokines
KW - Distant disease
KW - Regional disease
KW - Renal cell cancer
KW - Targeted agents
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84862082122&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84862082122&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.01.007
DO - 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.01.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 22382008
AN - SCOPUS:84862082122
VL - 10
SP - 93
EP - 98
JO - Clinical Genitourinary Cancer
JF - Clinical Genitourinary Cancer
SN - 1558-7673
IS - 2
ER -