Abstract
This chapter attempts to describe how environmental perturbations provide emergence opportunities for highly adaptable viral pathogens, capable of rapidly evolving and exploiting unique niches generated during ecological change. It provides several examples where arboviruses have emerged as a direct result of deforestation, changes in agricultural practices, urbanization, and increases in temperature. As with all RNA viruses, arboviruses contain inherently error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerases that lack proofreading capacity and may generate approximately 1 mutation per 10000 nucleotides replicated. Although most mutations have either a neutral or detrimental fitness effect on the virus and are either neutrally or negatively selected, respectively, a small percentage impart a fitness benefit to the virus in a given environment. It is these adaptations on which the chapter is focused, with fitness defined as the replicative (and/or transmissibility) success of the virus in a changing environment.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Viral Infections and Global Change |
| Publisher | wiley |
| Pages | 57-75 |
| Number of pages | 19 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9781118297469 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9781118297872 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 18 2013 |
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Keywords
- Arboviruses
- Deforestation
- Encephalitis virus
- Environmental perturbations
- Mutation
- Urbanization
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Microbiology(all)
Cite this
Environmental Perturbations that Influence Arboviral Host Range : Insights into Emergence Mechanisms. / Brault, Aaron; Reisen, William.
Viral Infections and Global Change. wiley, 2013. p. 57-75.Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter
}
TY - CHAP
T1 - Environmental Perturbations that Influence Arboviral Host Range
T2 - Insights into Emergence Mechanisms
AU - Brault, Aaron
AU - Reisen, William
PY - 2013/10/18
Y1 - 2013/10/18
N2 - This chapter attempts to describe how environmental perturbations provide emergence opportunities for highly adaptable viral pathogens, capable of rapidly evolving and exploiting unique niches generated during ecological change. It provides several examples where arboviruses have emerged as a direct result of deforestation, changes in agricultural practices, urbanization, and increases in temperature. As with all RNA viruses, arboviruses contain inherently error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerases that lack proofreading capacity and may generate approximately 1 mutation per 10000 nucleotides replicated. Although most mutations have either a neutral or detrimental fitness effect on the virus and are either neutrally or negatively selected, respectively, a small percentage impart a fitness benefit to the virus in a given environment. It is these adaptations on which the chapter is focused, with fitness defined as the replicative (and/or transmissibility) success of the virus in a changing environment.
AB - This chapter attempts to describe how environmental perturbations provide emergence opportunities for highly adaptable viral pathogens, capable of rapidly evolving and exploiting unique niches generated during ecological change. It provides several examples where arboviruses have emerged as a direct result of deforestation, changes in agricultural practices, urbanization, and increases in temperature. As with all RNA viruses, arboviruses contain inherently error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerases that lack proofreading capacity and may generate approximately 1 mutation per 10000 nucleotides replicated. Although most mutations have either a neutral or detrimental fitness effect on the virus and are either neutrally or negatively selected, respectively, a small percentage impart a fitness benefit to the virus in a given environment. It is these adaptations on which the chapter is focused, with fitness defined as the replicative (and/or transmissibility) success of the virus in a changing environment.
KW - Arboviruses
KW - Deforestation
KW - Encephalitis virus
KW - Environmental perturbations
KW - Mutation
KW - Urbanization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84971620107&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84971620107&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/9781118297469.ch4
DO - 10.1002/9781118297469.ch4
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:84971620107
SN - 9781118297872
SP - 57
EP - 75
BT - Viral Infections and Global Change
PB - wiley
ER -