Abstract
Energy-sensitive calorimetric detectors that operate at low temperatures ("cryogenic detectors") have recently been applied for the first time as ion detectors in time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compared to conventional, ionization-based detectors, which rely on secondary electron formation or the charge created in a semiconductor, cryogenic detectors measure low-energy solid state excitations created by a particle impact. This energy sensitivity of cryogenic detectors results in several potential advantages for TOP-MS. Cryogenic detectors are expected to have near 100% efficiency even for very large, slow-moving molecules, in contrast to microchannel plates whose efficiency drops considerably at large mass. Thus, cryogenic detectors could contribute to extending the mass range accessible by TOF-MS and help improving detection limits. In addition, the energy resolution provided by cryogenic detectors can be used for charge discrimination and studies of ion fragmentation, ion-detector interaction, and internal energies of large molecular ions. Cryogenic detectors could therefore prove to be a valuable diagnostic tool in TOF-MS. Here, we give a general introduction to the cryogenic detector types most applicable to TOF-MS including those types already used in several TOF-MS experiments. We review and compare the results of these experiments, discuss practical aspects of operating cryogenic detectors in TOF-MS systems, and describe potential near future improvements of cryogenic detectors for applications in mass spectrometry.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 155-186 |
| Number of pages | 32 |
| Journal | Mass Spectrometry Reviews |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue number | 3-4 |
| State | Published - May 1 1999 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Calorimetric detectors
- Cryogenic detectors
- Highmass detectors
- Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Spectroscopy
Cite this
Energy-sensitive cryogenic detectors for high-mass biomolecule mass spectrometry. / Frank, Matthias; Labov, Simon E.; Westmacott, Garrett; Benner, W. Henry.
In: Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Vol. 18, No. 3-4, 01.05.1999, p. 155-186.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Energy-sensitive cryogenic detectors for high-mass biomolecule mass spectrometry
AU - Frank, Matthias
AU - Labov, Simon E.
AU - Westmacott, Garrett
AU - Benner, W. Henry
PY - 1999/5/1
Y1 - 1999/5/1
N2 - Energy-sensitive calorimetric detectors that operate at low temperatures ("cryogenic detectors") have recently been applied for the first time as ion detectors in time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compared to conventional, ionization-based detectors, which rely on secondary electron formation or the charge created in a semiconductor, cryogenic detectors measure low-energy solid state excitations created by a particle impact. This energy sensitivity of cryogenic detectors results in several potential advantages for TOP-MS. Cryogenic detectors are expected to have near 100% efficiency even for very large, slow-moving molecules, in contrast to microchannel plates whose efficiency drops considerably at large mass. Thus, cryogenic detectors could contribute to extending the mass range accessible by TOF-MS and help improving detection limits. In addition, the energy resolution provided by cryogenic detectors can be used for charge discrimination and studies of ion fragmentation, ion-detector interaction, and internal energies of large molecular ions. Cryogenic detectors could therefore prove to be a valuable diagnostic tool in TOF-MS. Here, we give a general introduction to the cryogenic detector types most applicable to TOF-MS including those types already used in several TOF-MS experiments. We review and compare the results of these experiments, discuss practical aspects of operating cryogenic detectors in TOF-MS systems, and describe potential near future improvements of cryogenic detectors for applications in mass spectrometry.
AB - Energy-sensitive calorimetric detectors that operate at low temperatures ("cryogenic detectors") have recently been applied for the first time as ion detectors in time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compared to conventional, ionization-based detectors, which rely on secondary electron formation or the charge created in a semiconductor, cryogenic detectors measure low-energy solid state excitations created by a particle impact. This energy sensitivity of cryogenic detectors results in several potential advantages for TOP-MS. Cryogenic detectors are expected to have near 100% efficiency even for very large, slow-moving molecules, in contrast to microchannel plates whose efficiency drops considerably at large mass. Thus, cryogenic detectors could contribute to extending the mass range accessible by TOF-MS and help improving detection limits. In addition, the energy resolution provided by cryogenic detectors can be used for charge discrimination and studies of ion fragmentation, ion-detector interaction, and internal energies of large molecular ions. Cryogenic detectors could therefore prove to be a valuable diagnostic tool in TOF-MS. Here, we give a general introduction to the cryogenic detector types most applicable to TOF-MS including those types already used in several TOF-MS experiments. We review and compare the results of these experiments, discuss practical aspects of operating cryogenic detectors in TOF-MS systems, and describe potential near future improvements of cryogenic detectors for applications in mass spectrometry.
KW - Calorimetric detectors
KW - Cryogenic detectors
KW - Highmass detectors
KW - Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0033126156&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0033126156&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
C2 - 10568040
AN - SCOPUS:0033126156
VL - 18
SP - 155
EP - 186
JO - Mass Spectrometry Reviews
JF - Mass Spectrometry Reviews
SN - 0277-7037
IS - 3-4
ER -