Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is proposed as a nutritionally important growth factor, and we provide evidence that PQQ improves reproduction performance in BALB/c mice and stimulates neonatal growth. In the first experiment, weanling female BALB/c mice were adapted to a chemically-defined diet containing 0, 100, 200, 300, 1000, or 5000 ng PQQ/g of diet. The mice were bred and their reproductive performance and surviving offspring were assessed for 20-wk. Reproductive outcome was markedly compromised for the groups most deprived of PQQ. Supplemented groups (≥1000 ng PQQ/g diet) had 8 pups/litter compared with 4-5 pups/litter in the PQQ-deprived groups (≤300 ng PQQ/g diet). Of the pups surviving to weaning, 8 of 10 survived when PQQ was added to the diet (≥300 ng PQQ/g diet) compared with 4 of 10 in the PQQ- deficient group. The apparent requirement for PQQ for optimal growth of surviving neonates was estimated to be ≥300 ng PQQ/g of diet. Moreover, splenic cell response to the mitogens concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, appeared related to PQQ intake. In a second experiment, female BALB/c mice were fed diets containing PQQ added at 0 or 1000 ng/g of diet, and interleukin 1 and 2 production were assessed. In particular, levels of interleukin 2, an autocrine and paracrine growth factor, were reduced in mice fed the deficient diet at a time when T-cell proliferation occurs in neonates. Results suggest that PQQ or similar compounds may play nutritionally important roles at critical stages in development.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 744-753 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Journal of Nutrition |
| Volume | 124 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| State | Published - 1994 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Food Science
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
Cite this
Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone : Growth and immune response in BALB/c mice. / Steinberg, F. M.; Gershwin, M. Eric; Rucker, R. B.
In: Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 124, No. 5, 1994, p. 744-753.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone
T2 - Growth and immune response in BALB/c mice
AU - Steinberg, F. M.
AU - Gershwin, M. Eric
AU - Rucker, R. B.
PY - 1994
Y1 - 1994
N2 - Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is proposed as a nutritionally important growth factor, and we provide evidence that PQQ improves reproduction performance in BALB/c mice and stimulates neonatal growth. In the first experiment, weanling female BALB/c mice were adapted to a chemically-defined diet containing 0, 100, 200, 300, 1000, or 5000 ng PQQ/g of diet. The mice were bred and their reproductive performance and surviving offspring were assessed for 20-wk. Reproductive outcome was markedly compromised for the groups most deprived of PQQ. Supplemented groups (≥1000 ng PQQ/g diet) had 8 pups/litter compared with 4-5 pups/litter in the PQQ-deprived groups (≤300 ng PQQ/g diet). Of the pups surviving to weaning, 8 of 10 survived when PQQ was added to the diet (≥300 ng PQQ/g diet) compared with 4 of 10 in the PQQ- deficient group. The apparent requirement for PQQ for optimal growth of surviving neonates was estimated to be ≥300 ng PQQ/g of diet. Moreover, splenic cell response to the mitogens concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, appeared related to PQQ intake. In a second experiment, female BALB/c mice were fed diets containing PQQ added at 0 or 1000 ng/g of diet, and interleukin 1 and 2 production were assessed. In particular, levels of interleukin 2, an autocrine and paracrine growth factor, were reduced in mice fed the deficient diet at a time when T-cell proliferation occurs in neonates. Results suggest that PQQ or similar compounds may play nutritionally important roles at critical stages in development.
AB - Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is proposed as a nutritionally important growth factor, and we provide evidence that PQQ improves reproduction performance in BALB/c mice and stimulates neonatal growth. In the first experiment, weanling female BALB/c mice were adapted to a chemically-defined diet containing 0, 100, 200, 300, 1000, or 5000 ng PQQ/g of diet. The mice were bred and their reproductive performance and surviving offspring were assessed for 20-wk. Reproductive outcome was markedly compromised for the groups most deprived of PQQ. Supplemented groups (≥1000 ng PQQ/g diet) had 8 pups/litter compared with 4-5 pups/litter in the PQQ-deprived groups (≤300 ng PQQ/g diet). Of the pups surviving to weaning, 8 of 10 survived when PQQ was added to the diet (≥300 ng PQQ/g diet) compared with 4 of 10 in the PQQ- deficient group. The apparent requirement for PQQ for optimal growth of surviving neonates was estimated to be ≥300 ng PQQ/g of diet. Moreover, splenic cell response to the mitogens concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, appeared related to PQQ intake. In a second experiment, female BALB/c mice were fed diets containing PQQ added at 0 or 1000 ng/g of diet, and interleukin 1 and 2 production were assessed. In particular, levels of interleukin 2, an autocrine and paracrine growth factor, were reduced in mice fed the deficient diet at a time when T-cell proliferation occurs in neonates. Results suggest that PQQ or similar compounds may play nutritionally important roles at critical stages in development.
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0028246229&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
C2 - 8169668
AN - SCOPUS:0028246229
VL - 124
SP - 744
EP - 753
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
SN - 0022-3166
IS - 5
ER -